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Dan Binkley
Forest Ecology
Читать книгу Forest Ecology - Dan Binkley - Страница 1
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Страница 1
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Страница 6
Страница 7
Страница 8
Страница 9
Preface How Do We Come to Understand Forests?
How Confident Should You Be?
All Forest Ecology Fits Into a Framework and a Method
A Picture May Be Worth 1000 Words, But a Graph Can Be Worth Even More
The Most Important Points to Understand from
Figures B
and
C
Are Not About Precipitation or Temperature
Confidence Bands Around Trends Come in Two Types
The Stories in This Book Have Two Pieces, Told in Three Ways
Forests Are Complex Systems That Are Not Tightly Determined
Страница 18
CHAPTER 1 The Nature of Forests
Forest Ecology Deals with Individual Trees Across Time
Many Processes Occur in a Tree Every Hour
Tree Physiology Follows Daily Cycles
Trees Must Cope with Seasonal Cycles Through Each Year
Trees Grow and Reproduce at Times Scales of a Century
The Story of Forests Is More than the Sum of the Individual Trees, Because Interactions Are So Strong
The Coweeta Forests Aren't the Same as Two Centuries Ago
Across Dozens of Generations of Trees, Almost Everything Changed at Coweeta
The Futures of the Tree and the Forest Will Depend on Both Gradual, Predictable Changes and Contingent Events
Ecological Afterthoughts: Is a Forest an Organism?
CHAPTER 2 Forest Environments
Climate Influences Where Forest Occur, and How They Grow
Warmer Forests Have More Species of Trees
Chemical and Biological Reactions Go Faster with Increasing Temperature
Temperature is the Balance Point Between Energy Gains and Losses
All Objects Shine; Hot Objects Shine Brightly
Incoming Sunlight Decreases in Winter and at Higher Latitudes
Forests Receive Shortwave Sunlight, and Shine off Longwave Radiation
Temperatures Decline with Increasing Latitude
Temperatures Increase at Lower Elevations
Temperature Variation Over Time, and Across Space, Strongly Influences Forest Ecology
Temperature Strongly Influences Phenology and Growth
Forests Use Very Large Amounts of Water
Water Flows Down Gradients of Potential, Which Sometimes Means Going Up
Wind Shapes Trees and Forests
Events and Interactions Are More Important Than Averages and Single Factors
Fires Depend on Temperature, Water, Winds
Droughts Affect Trees, Beetles, Forest Structure and Fire Intensity
Weather Events Can Matter More than Averages
Ecological Afterthoughts
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