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As we have discussed, the individualism/collectivism dimension is one of the most widely researched cross-cultural variables (Na, Kosinski, & Stillwell, 2015; Taras et al., 2014). Although researchers have often placed nations and cultures in either the individualism or collectivism category, this variable is truly dimensional—there are many points along a continuum that reflect varying degrees—and there is a fair amount of intranational or intracultural variation. In other words, not all people in individualistic nations (like the United States) are individualistic, and not all people in collectivistic nations (e.g., China) are collectivistic (Ralston et al., 2014). For research purposes, we need to know where each participant in a study falls on this dimension. In this chapter, we describe some of the challenges to cross-cultural research, and there are many ways to measure this or related dimensions. To get a rough idea as to your IC level, take a minute and answer the following questions from a brand new scale and then turn the page to interpret your score. For “class,” simply think about students in your grade/year of college (e.g., freshmen, sophomore, etc.).

Table 5.2

Source: Yanagida, T., Strohmeier, D., Toda, Y., & Spiel, C. (2014). The Self Group Distinction Scale: A new approach to measure individualism and collectivism in adolescents. Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling, 56, 304–313.