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This introductory chapter covers two topics: (i) a basic introduction to the underlying technologies and principles that apply to High‐Density Communications (HDC), but not high‐density specifics, which are covered in the chapters that follow, and (ii) a discussion of the main requirements for HDC in the context of key use cases. Use cases include airports, stadiums, convention centers, classrooms, amusement parks, train and subway stations, large multiple dwelling units, open air special events, and other venues.¹

As the second decade of the twenty‐first century rolled along, however, a new requirement presented itself due to the worldwide pandemic: physical/desk distancing in support of Office Social² Distancing (OSD) and Office Dynamic Cluster Monitoring and Analysis (ODCMA). A “de‐densification” effort was established at the time. The de‐densification effort in the workplace impacts a large number of factors, including network connectivity services and architectures. Propitiously, wireless technologies have been harvested to address and manage these pressing distancing issues. Even if effective vaccines are found and distributed globally, many agree that some of the societal and workplace changes driven by the pandemic may become permanent. One change likely to remain is the increased reliance on Work From Home (WFH) and along with it, are the implications of greater utilization of a global workforce in what might be called Outsourcing 2.0 (with the 1.0 version having taken place in the 1990s and 2000s). However, “the sun will rise again,” and in a few years, people‐based HDC may yet again become the norm; in the meantime, a large population of Internet of Things (IoT) devices may indeed require HDC support, and during the pandemic, the e‐commerce warehouse use case continues to need HDC support. Thus, while “social distancing” was a short‐term goal at press time, the business‐ and public‐venue high‐density requirements are expected to resurge and/or continue over time. Further discussion of these issues is provided in the latter part of the chapter.