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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

SECTION I GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

1-1. Small wars defined.

1-2. Classes of small wars.

1-3. Some legal aspects of small wars.

1-4. Functions of headquarters Marine Corps.

1-5. Phases of small wars.

1-6. Summary.

SECTION II STRATEGY

1-7. The basis of the strategy.

1-8. Nature of the operations.

1-9. National war.

SECTION III PSYCHOLOGY

1-10. Foreword.

1-11. Characteristics.

1-12. Fundamental considerations.

1-13. Revolutionary tendencies.

1-14. Basic instincts.

1-15. Attitude and bearing.

1-16. Conduct of our troops.

1-17. Summary.

SECTION IV RELATIONSHIP WITH THE STATE DEPARTMENT

1-18. Importance of cooperation.

1-19. Principles prescribed by Navy Regulations.

1-20. Contact with State Department representatives.

SECTION V THE CHAIN OF COMMAND—NAVY AND MARINE CORPS

1-21. Navy regulations.

1-22. Control of joint operations.

1-23. The directive.

1-24. Naval officer commanding ashore.

1-25. Marine officer commanding ashore.

1-26. Marine—Constabulary.

1-27. Direct control by Navy Department.

SECTION VI MILITARY—CIVIL RELATIONSHIP

1-28. Importance.

1-29. Contact with national government officials.

1-30. Cooperation with law-enforcement agencies.

1-31. Contact with inhabitants.

CHAPTER II ORGANIZATION

SECTION I THE ESTIMATE OF THE SITUATION

2-1. General.

2-2. The mission.

2-3. Factors to be considered in estimating enemy strength.

2-4. Relative strength.

2-5. Enemy courses of action.

2-6. Own courses of action.

2-7. The decision.

2-8. Supporting measures.

2-9. Campaign and operation plans.

SECTION II THE STAFF IN SMALL WARS

2-10. Command and staff responsibility in small wars.

2-11. The Force Commander.

2-12. Staff procedure.

2-13. The chief of staff.

2-14. The first section (personnel)—F-l.

2-15. The second section (intelligence) F-2.

2-16. The third section (plans and training)—F-3.

2-17. The fourth section (supply)—F-4.

2-18. The special staff.

2-19. The adjutant.

2-20. The inspector.

2-21. The law officer.

2-22. The officer in charge of civil affairs.

2-23. The chaplain.

2-24. The paymaster.

2-25. The provost marshal.

2-26. The commanding officer of special troops.

2-27. The artillery officer.

2-28. The air officer.

2-29. The communications officer.

2-30. The engineer officer.

2-31. The surgeon.

2-32. The quartermaster.

2-33. The chemical officer.

2-34. The tank officer.

2-35. The munitions officer.

2-36. The post exchange officer.

2-37. The amusement and welfare officer.

SECTION III COMPOSITION OF THE FORCE

2-38. General.

2-39. Infantry.—a. Importance.

2-40. Infantry weapons.

2-41. Infantry individual equipment.

2-42. Mounted troops.

2-43. Engineers.

2-44. Tanks and armored cars.

2-45. Transport.

2-46. Signal troops.

2-47. Chemical troops.

2-48. Medical troops.

2-49. Artillery.

2-50. Aviation.

CHAPTER III LOGISTICS

SECTION I INTRODUCTION

SECTION II SUPPLY

3-2. Influence of Supply on a column.

3-3. Supply officers.

3-4. Storage.

3-5. Distribution.

3-6. Supply steps.

3-7. Local purchases.

3-8. Requisitions.

3-9. Depots, dumps, and distributing points.

3-10. Chain of responsibility.

3-11. Accountability.

3-12. Public funds.

3-13. Objective.

3-14. Supervision of requisitions.

3-15. Accumulation of stores.

3-16. General.

3-17. Importance of supply.

SECTION III TRANSPORTATION

3-18. General.

3-19. Railroad transportation.

3-20. Motor transportation.

3-21. Tractor-trailer transportation.

3-22. Transportation pools.

3-23. Aviation transport.

3-24. Water transportation.

3-25. Animal transpdrtation.

3-26. Important points in packing.

3-27. Pack mules.

3-28. Pack horses.

3-29. Pack bulls.

3-30. Phillips pack saddle.

3-31. McClellan saddle.

3-32. Pack equipment.

3-33. Native packers.

3-34. Marines as packers.

3-35. Bullcarts.

3-36. Trains with combat columns.

CHAPTER IV TRAINING

SECTION I CHARACTER AND PURPOSE OF SMALL WARS TRAINING

4-1. Relation to other training.

4-2. Tactical training.

4-3. Rifle company.

4-4. Machine gun company.

4-5. Mortars and 37 mm. guns.

4-6. Troop schools.

SECTION II TRAINING DURING CONCENTRATION

4-7. Training objective.

4-8. Scope of training.

4-9. Disciplinary training.

SECTION III TRAINING EN ROUTE ON BOARD SHIP

4-10. General.

4-11. Ship routine.

4-12. Time available for troop training.

4-13. Troop schools on board ship.

4-14. Size of classes.

4-15. Assignment to classes.

4-16. Subjects covered.

4-17. Essential training.

SECTION IV TRAINING IN THE THEATER OF OPERATIONS

4-18. System of training.

4-19. Facilities.

4-20. Subjects covered.

4-21. Training centers.

4-22. Troop schools.

4-23. Organization of troop schools and training centers.

SECTION V Training Instructions

4-24. Training instructions.

4-25. Training programs.

4-26. Training schedules.

CHAPTER V INITIAL OPERATIONS

SECTION I NEUTRAL ZONES

5-1. General.

5-2. Purpose, occasion, and circumstances.

5-3. Basic orders.

5-4. Instructions.

5-5. Zone force commander’s order.

5-6. Proclamation.

SECTION II MOVEMENT INLAND

5-7. Point of departure.

5-8. Mobile columns and flying columns.

5-9. Strength and composition of columns.

5-10. Protective measures covering movement.

5-11. Establishment of advanced bases inland.

5-12. Movement by rail.

SECTION III MILITARY TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION

5-13. Purpose.

5-14. Influence of the mission on territorial organization.

5-15. Assignment of troops to areas.

5-16. Size and limits of areas.

SECTION IV METHODS OF PACIFICATION

5-17. The nature of the problem.

5-18. Methods of operations.

5-19. Occupation of an area.

5-20. Patrols.

5-21. Roving patrols.

5-22. Zones of refuge.

5-23. The cordon system.

5-24. The Blockhouse system.

5-25. Special methods.

CHAPTER VI INFANTRY PATROLS

SECTION I SMALL WAR TACTICS

6-1. Tactics during initial phases.

6-2. Tactics during later phases.

6-3. Influence of terrain.

6-4. The principle of the offensive.

6-5. The principles of mass, movement, surprise, and security.

SECTION II ORDERS AND GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

6-6. Written orders.

6-7. Verbal orders.

6-8. General instructions.

SECTION III ORGANIZING THE INFANTRY PATROL

6-9. Definition.

6-10. Factors which govern its organization.

6-11. Size of the patrol.—a. General.

6-12. Permanent roving patrols.

6-13. Selection of units.

6-14. Elimination of the physically unfit.

6-15. Patrol and subordinate leader.

6-16. The rifle squad.

6-17. The headquarters section.

6-18. Attached units.

6-19. Guides and interpreters.

6-20. Native transport personnel.

6-21. Native troops.

6-22. Prominent native civilians.

6-23. Transportation.

6-24. Weapons.

6-25. Ammunition.

6-26. Signal equipment.

6-27. Medical supplies.

6-28. Miscellaneous equipment.

6-29. Personal clothing and accessories.

6-30. General preparations.

SECTION IV FEEDING THE PERSONNEL

6-31. Responsibility of patrol leader.

6-32. Mess equipment.

6-33. Weight of rations.

6-34. The field ratioit.

6-35. Butchering on the march.

6-36. Feeding native personnel.

6-37. Emergency rations.

SECTION V THE MARCH

6-38. General.

6-39. Hour of starting.

6-40. Rate of inarch.

6-41. Factors influencing march formations.

6-42. Influence of terrain on march formation.

6-43. Road spaces.

6-44. Location of patrol and subordinate leaders in march formation.

6-45. Location of the combat train.

6-46. Descriptive march formations.

6-47. March formations for a reenforced rifle company.

6-48. March formation for a reenforced rifle platoon.

6-49. March formation for a rifle platoon.

6-50. March formation for a rifle squad.

6-51. March discipline.

6-52. March outposts.

6-53. Camp sites.

6-54. Making camp.

6-55. Shelter.

6-56. Bivouac beds.

SECTION VI RECONNAISSANCE AND SECURITY

6-57. Methods of reconnaissance.

6-58. Reconnoitering by scouts.

6-59. Careful visual reconnaissance.

6-60. Hasty visual reconnaissance.

6-61. Reconnaissance by fire.

6-62. Reconnaissance by aviation personnel.

6-63. Airplane reconnaissance by patrol leaders.

6-64. Intelligence agents.

6-65. Questioning inhabitants for information.

6-66. Dogs on reconnaissance.

6-67. Security on the march.

6-68. Security at rest.

SECTION VII LAYING AMBUSHES

6-69. Definition.

6-70. Selection of position.

6-71. Usual characteristics of an ambush.

6-72. Occupying the position.

6-73. The ambush engagement.

6-74. Employment of infantry weapons.

SECTION VIII ATTACKING AMBUSHES

6-75. Mental preparation.

6-76. Prearranged schemes of maneuver.

6-77. Spirit of the offensive.

6-78. Fire and movement.

6-79. Authority of subordinates to act on own initiative.

SECTION IX ATTACKING HOUSES AND SMALL BIVOUACS

6-80. Attacking houses.

6-81. Attacking small bivouacs.

6-82. Destroying captured bivouacs.

SECTION X STRATAGEMS AND RUSES

6-83. Rules of land warfare.

6-84. Clearing the station.

6-85. Apprehending informers.

6-86. Spies following a patrol.

6-87. Guerrilla ruses and stratagems.

SECTION XI RIVER CROSSINGS

6-88. Introduction.

6-89. Availability of means.

6-90. Swimming.

6-91. Bridges.

6-92. Boats.

6-93. Ferries.

6-94. Fords.

6-95. Rafts.

6-96. Crossing unfordable streams with usual infantry equipment.

6-97. Crossing horses and mules.

SECTION XII SPECIAL OPERATIONS

6-98. Trail cutting.

6-99. Night operations.

CHAPTER VII MOUNTED DETACHMENTS

SECTION I INTRODUCTION

7-1. Purpose.

7-2. Use of animals an expedient.

7-3. Need for training in animal care and employment.

7-4. Some difficulties in employing animals.

SECTION II CARE OF ANIMALS

7-5. Knowledge of animal management required.

7-6. Nomenclature.

7-7. Identification.

7-8. Duties of officers charged with care of animals.

7-9. Rules for handling animals.

7-10. Stableo and corrals.

7-11. Grooming.

7-12. Forage.

7-13. Principles of feeding.

7-14. Watering.

7-15. Conditioning.

7-16. Management of animals on the march.

7-17. First-aid treatment.

7-18. Communicable diseases.

7-19. Care of the feet.

7-20. Veterinary supplies.

SECTION III PROCUREMENT OF ANIMALS

7-21. Necessity for local purchase.

7-22. Procurement agents.

7-23. Native dealers.

7-24. Purchasing from native dealers.

7-25. Minimum specifications for animals.

7-27. Age qualifications.

7-28. Examination for soundness.

7-29. Marking of purchased animals.

7-30. Use of United States animals in small wars.

SECTION IV MOUNTED DETACHMENTS

7-31. Value of mounted detachments.

7-32. Basis for organization.

7-33. A mounted rifle company.

7-34. Machine-gun and howitzer units.

7-35. Animals for mounted detachments.

7-36. Spare mounts.

7-37. Assignment of mounts.

7-38. Horse equipment.

7-39. Individual equipment.

7-40. Arms and ammunition.

7-41. Pack equipment.

7-42. Training, general.

7-43. Training for specialists.

7-44. Time required for training.

7-45. Combat training.

7-46. Tactical uses of mounted detachments.

7-47. Conduct of mounted patrols.

7-48. Combat patrols.

7-49. Ambushes.

SECTION V HASTILY ORGANIZED MOUNTED PATROLS

7-50. Definition and uses.

7-51. Discussion.

7-52. Type of animal to employ.

7-53. Other details.

CHAPTER VIII CONVOYS AND CONVOY ESCORTS

8-1. Definitions.

8-2. Mission.

8-3. Organization.

8-4. Convoy types.

8-5. March of convoys.

8-6. Disposition of the escort on the march.

8-7. Defehse of a convoy.

8-8. Attack of a convoy.

8-9. Security measures at the halt.

CHAPTER IX AVIATION

SECTION I INTRODUCTION

9-1. General.

9-2. Special air tactics involved.

SECTION II COMPOSITION AND ORGANIZATION

9-3. Types.

9-4. Reconnaissance aircraft.

9-5. Combat aircraft.

9-6. Transport aircraft.

9-7. Organization.

9-8. Movement to the theater of operations.

SECTION III SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF BASES

9-9. Main airdrome.

9-10. Auxiliary airdromes.

9-11. Advanced landing fields.

9-12. Emergency landing fields.

9-13. Specifications of landing fields

9-14. Minimum size of landing fields.

SECTION IV GENERAL CONDUCT OF AIR OPERATIONS

9-15. Control and command.

9-16. Details of operations.

9-17. Reports.

SECTION V EMPLOYMENT OF RECONNAISSANCE AVIATION

9-18. General considerations.

9-19. Strategical reconnaissance.

9-20. Tactical reconnaissance.

9-21. Infantry mission.

9-22. Special combat missions.

SECTION VI COMBAT SUPPORT

9-23. General discussion.

9-24. Fighting aviation.

9-25. Attack aviation.

9-26. Bombing aviation.

9-27. Attacks on troop columns and trains.

9-28. Support of a marching column.

9-29. Attack on hostile positions.

9-30. Attacks on towns.

9-31. Aviation as a mobile reserve.

SECTION VII AIR TRANSPORT

9-32. General considerations.

9-33. Troop transportation.

9-34. Transportation of supplies.

9-35. Dropping of supplies.

9-36. Evacuation of sick and wounded.

CHAPTER X RIVER OPERATIONS

SECTION I RIVER OPERATIONS IN GENERAL

10-1. Necessity for river operations.

10-2. General characteristics of rivers.

SECTION II TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF BOATS

10-3. General.

10-4. Coastwise communications.

10-5. Nature of the river.

10-6. Lower river boats.

10-7. Middle river boats.

10-8. Upper river boats.

10-9. Types of boats available.

10-10. Method of propulsion.

10-11. Influence of tactical principles.

SECTION III PREPARATIONS FOR RIVER OPERATIONS

10-12. Introduction.

10-13. Organizing the river patrol.

10-14. Crews.

10-15. Boat procurement.

10-16. Armament and equipment.

10-17. Loading boats.

SECTION IV OCCUPATION OF A RIVER

10-18. The mission.

10-19. Similarity to land operations.

10-20. The day’s inarch.

10-21. Rate of movement.

10-22. Boat formations.

10-23. Reconnaissance and security.

10-24. Initial contact with the enemy.

10-25. A typical ambush.

10-26. The attack.

10-27. Garrisoning the river.

10-28. Defensive measures.

10-29. Passage of obstacles.

10-30. Night operations.

10-31. Supporting forces.

CHAPTER XI DISARMAMENT OF POPULATION

11-1. General.

11-2. Estimate and Plans.

11-3. Laws, Decrees, Orders, and Instructions.

11-4. Manner of Collecting Arms.

11-5. Collecting Agencies.

11-6. Custody of Arms.

11-7. Disposition.

11-8. Permits.

11-9. Control of Sources of Supply.

11-10. Measures Following Disarmament.

CHAPTER XII ARMED NATIVE ORGANIZATIONS

SECTION I GENERAL

12-1. Local armed forces.

12-2. United States intervention.

12-3. Restoration of authority to local government.

12-4. Formation of a constabulary.

SECTION II ORGANIZATION OF A CONSTABULARY

12-5. Planning agency.

12-6. Approval of plans.

12-7. Local creative law.

12-8. United States creative laws.

12-9. Composition.

12-10. Duties and powers.

12-11. Size of force.

12-12. Administrative organization.

12-13. Supply and equipment.

12-14. Records and reports.

12-15. Finances.

12-16. Recruiting.

12-17. Housing and shelter.

12-18. Military courts.

SECTION III OPERATIONS AND TRAINING

12-19. Recruits.

12-20. Unit training.

12-21. Officers.

12-22. Field operations.

12-23. Troop leading.

SECTION IV AUXILIARY FORCES

12-24. Urban and rural agents.

12-25. Special agents.

12-26. Auxiliary units.

SECTION V CIVIL AND MILITARY RELATIONSHIP

12-27. Relation to civil power.

12-28. Relation to United States forces.

CHAPTER XIII MILITARY GOVERNMENT

SECTION 1. GENERAL

13-1. Scope of chapter.

13-2. Definitions.

13-3. Authority for exercise of military government.

13-4. Functions of military government in general.

13-5. By whom exercised.

13-6. How proclaimed.

SECTION II ESTABLISHMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF MILITARY

13-7. Importance of organization.

13-8. Plans.

13-9. The proclamation.

13-10. Supplemental regulations.

13-11. Digest of information.

13-12. Attitude toward local officials and inhabitants.

13-13. Law enforcement agencies and public services.

13-14. Exceptional military courts.

13-15. Control of civil and military administration.

13-16. Public utilities.

13-17. Trade relationship.

13-18. Mines and quarries.

13-19. Public revenues.

13-20. Requisitions and contributions.

13-21. Public and private property.

13-22. Employment of inhabitants.

13-23. Police and elections.

SECTION III APPLICATIONS OF PRINCIPLES TO SITUATIONS SHORT OF WAR

13-24. General considerations.

13-25. What laws apply.

CHAPTER XIV SUPERVISION OF ELECTIONS

SECTION I GENERAL

14-1. Introduction.

14-2. Request for supervision.

14-3. Definitions.

14-4. Responsibilities of an electoral mission.

14-5. Intimidation of voters.

14-6. Military and police measures.

14-7. Unethical practices.

SECTION II PERSONNEL

14-8. Chairman.

14-9. Electoral mission staff.

14-10. Commissioned officers.

14-11. Enlisted personnel.

14-12. Civilian personnel.

14-13. Instruction of personnel.

14-14. Replacements.

14-15. Pay and allowances.

SECTION III ELECTORAL MISSION

14-16. Chairman.

14-17. Vice chairman.

14-18. Executive officer.

14-19. Secretary.

14-20. Inspector.

14-21. Intelligence and press relations officer.

14-22. Law officer.-

14-23. Communications officer.

14-24. Disbursing and supply officer.

14-25. Medical officer.

14-26. Aides.

14-27. Departmental board personnel.

14-28. Cantonal board personnel.

SECTION IV NATIONAL BOARD OF ELECTIONS

14-29. Members and staff.

14-30. Duties.

14-31. Secretary of the National Board of Elections.

14-32. Complaints, appeals, and petitions.

14-33. Assembly.

SECTION V REGISTRATION AND VOTING

14-34. Registration.

14-35. Voting.

14-36. Final reports.

CHAPTER XV WITHDRAWAL

SECTION I INTRODUCTION

15-1. General.

15-2. Factors to be considered.

15-3. Phases of withdrawal.

SECTION II WITHDRAWAL FROM ACTIVE MILITARY OPERATIONS

15-4. Concentration.

15-5. Rights retained.

15-6. Procedure.

SECTION III FINAL WITHDRAWAL

15-7. General.

15-8. Plans and orders.

15-9. Executive staff duties.

15-10. First section.

15-11. Second section.

15-12. Third section.

15-13. Fourth section.

15-14. Special staff duties.

15-15. Air officer.

15-16. Engineer officer.

15-17. Communications officer.

15-18. Surgeon.

15-19. Quartermaster.