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The application layer of the TCP/IP model corresponds to the session, presentation, and application layers of the OSI Reference Model. A few of the most popular application layer protocols are

 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): The core protocol of the World Wide Web.

 File Transfer Protocol (FTP): A protocol that enables a client to send and receive complete files from a server.

 Telnet: The protocol that lets you connect to another computer on the Internet in a terminal emulation mode.

 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP): One of several key protocols that are used to provide email services.

 Domain Name System (DNS): The protocol that allows you to refer to other host computers by using names rather than numbers.