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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

GATEFOLD

Erhard Reuwich, Map of the Holy Land with View of Jerusalem from Peregrinatio Latin, hand-colored woodcut on vellum, fols. 143v–148r. Photo © The British Library Board, C.14.c.13. All rights reserved 2014.

FIGURE 1

Erhard Reuwich, View of Venice from Peregrinatio Latin, hand-colored woodcut, fols. 13v–20r. The Bodleian Libraries, The University of Oxford, Arch. B c.25.

FIGURE 2

Erhard Reuwich, frontispiece from Peregrinatio Latin, fol. 1v. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, Zi +156, Copy 2.

FIGURE 3

Erhard Reuwich, printer’s mark from Peregrinatio Latin, fol. 163v. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, Zi +156, Copy 2.

FIGURE 4

Erhard Reuwich, first opening of Peregrinatio Latin, fols. 1v–2r. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, Zi +156, Copy 2.

FIGURE 5

Votive relief of Bernhard von Breydenbach and Philipp von Bicken, 1484, Mainz Cathedral Cloister. Photo: author.

FIGURE 6

Master of the Amsterdam Cabinet, Romani Family, c. 1475–80, drypoint. Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris.

FIGURE 7

Master of the Amsterdam Cabinet, Turkish Rider, c. 1490, drypoint. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.

FIGURE 8

Erhard Reuwich, Janissary Turks from Peregrinatio Latin, fol. 154r. Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, Inc. IV 98.

FIGURE 9

Saint Martin from Diether von Isenburg’s Agenda Moguntinensis, 1480, color metalcut with hand-coloring on vellum, fol. 38r. Reproduced by courtesy of the University Librarian and Director, The John Rylands Library, The University of Manchester, 10648.

FIGURE 10

Michael Wolgemut and Wilhelm Pleydenwurff, God the Father from Hartmann Schedel’s Liber chronicarum, 1493, hand-colored woodcut, fol. Iv. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, Rar. 287.

FIGURE 11

Erhard Reuwich, frontispiece from Johann von Cube’s Gart der Gesundheit, 1485, hand-colored woodcut, fol. 1v. Courtesy of Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, CA G244.

FIGURE 12

Erhard Reuwich, Entrance Court of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher from Peregrinatio Latin, fol. 41v. Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, Inc. IV 98.

FIGURE 13

Frontispiece from Breydenbach’s Peregrinatio [German], 1505, woodcut, fol. 1r. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, 2 Inc.s.a. 245.

FIGURE 14

Florentine artist, Tavola Strozzi, 1466–86. Museo Nazionale di San Martino, Naples. Photo: The Bridgeman Art Library.

FIGURE 15

After Francesco Rosselli, View of Florence with a Chain, c. 1500–1510, woodcut. Kupferstichkabinett, Staatliche Museen, Berlin. Photo: bpk, Berlin / Kupferstichkabinett, Staatliche Museen, Berlin / Jörg P. Anders / Art Resource, New York.

FIGURE 16

Diagram of perspective in Erhard Reuwich, Map of the Holy Land with View of Jerusalem (detail: Jerusalem) from Peregrinatio Latin, hand-colored woodcut on vellum, fols. 143v–148r. Photo © The British Library Board, C.14.c.13. All rights reserved 2014.

FIGURE 17

Pietro Perugino, Delivering the Keys to Saint Peter, 1482. Sistine Chapel, Vatican. Photo: Scala / Art Resource, New York.

FIGURE 18

Jerusalem from the Mount of Olives near the vantage for the View of Jerusalem in Breydenbach’s Peregrinatio. Photo: author.

FIGURE 19

Erhard Reuwich, Holy Land Animals from Peregrinatio Latin, printed on reverse of Map of the Holy Land with View of Jerusalem (fols. 143v–148r). Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, Zi +156, Copy 2.

FIGURE 20

Birds from Conrad von Megenberg’s Buch der Natur, 1481, hand-colored woodcut, fol. 81v. Library of Congress, Rosenwald Collection, Inc., 1481 .K6, 0151.

FIGURE 21

Lavender from Johann von Cube’s Gart der Gesundheit, 1485, woodcut, fol. 193r. Library of the Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., Oversize KA g19.3 1485.

FIGURE 22

Jan van Eyck, Virgin and Child with Chancellor Rolin, c. 1435. Musée du Louvre, Paris. Photo: Gianni Dagli Orti / The Art Archive at Art Resource, New York.

FIGURE 23

Erhard Reuwich, Map of the Holy Land with View of Jerusalem (detail: Mount of Olives) from Peregrinatio Latin, hand-colored woodcut on vellum, fols. 143v–148r. Photo © The British Library Board, C.14.c.13. All rights reserved 2014.

FIGURE 24

Erhard Reuwich, frontispiece (detail) from Peregrinatio Latin, fol. 1v. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, Zi +156, Copy 2.

FIGURE 25

Albrecht Dürer, Nuremberg and Venetian Woman, c. 1495, pen and ink. Graphische Sammlung, Städel Museum, Frankfurt am Main. Photo © U. Edelmann—Städel Museum—ARTOTHEK.

FIGURE 26

Erhard Reuwich, Saracens from Peregrinatio Latin, hand-colored woodcut on vellum, fol. 88r. Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris, RLR Vélins 769.

FIGURE 27

Albrecht Dürer, Whore of Babylon from Apocalypse, 1498, woodcut. Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris. Photo: Bridgeman-Giraudon / Art Resource, New York.

FIGURE 28

Erhard Reuwich, View of Rhodes from Peregrinatio Latin, fols. 33v–36r. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, Zi +156, Copy 2.

FIGURE 29

Entrance Court of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher from Konrad von Grünemberg’s pilgrimage account, 1487–94. Forschungsbibliothek Gotha, Chart. A 541, fol. 69r.

FIGURE 30

Erhard Reuwich, Greeks from Peregrinatio Latin, fol. 90v. Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, Inc. IV 98.

FIGURE 31

Erhard Reuwich, Ethiopians from Peregrinatio Latin, fol. 96v. Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, Inc. IV 98.

FIGURE 32

Erhard Reuwich, Jew from Peregrinatio Latin, fol. 88v. Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, Inc. IV 98.

FIGURE 33

Broadside against Jewish usury, 1484, hand-colored woodcut. Deutsches Historisches Museum, Berlin. Photo © DHM / The Bridgeman Art Library.

FIGURE 34

Erhard Reuwich, Syrians from Peregrinatio Latin, fol. 92v. Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, Inc. IV 98.

FIGURE 35

Erhard Reuwich, View of Modon from Peregrinatio Latin, fols. 25v–28r. The National Library of Israel, Jerusalem, RI YAH. B 1969.

FIGURE 36

Erhard Reuwich, View of Modon (detail: Romani settlement) from Peregrinatio Latin, fols. 25v–28r. The National Library of Israel, Jerusalem, RI YAH. B 1969.

FIGURE 37

Vittore Carpaccio, Two Standing Women, c. 1495–1516, pen and ink, brush, and wash heightened with white gouache over chalk on paper. Princeton University Art Museum. Gift of Frank Jewett Mather Jr. (x1944-274). Photo: Bruce M. White.

FIGURE 38

Gentile and Giovanni Bellini, Saint Mark Preaching in Alexandria, 1504–7. Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan. Photo: Scala / Art Resource, New York.

FIGURE 39

Vittore Carpaccio, Triumph of Saint George, 1502–7. Scuola di S. Giorgio degli Schiavoni, Venice. Photo: Scala / Art Resource, New York.

FIGURE 40

Ethiopians from Konrad von Grünemberg’s pilgrimage account, 1487–94. Forschungsbibliothek Gotha, Chart. A 541, fol. 80v.

FIGURE 41

Benedetto Bordon, frontispiece from Justinianus’s Digestum novum (Venice: Nicolas Jenson, 1477), illumination on vellum, fol. 1v. Forschungsbibliothek Gotha, Mon. typ. 1477 2° 13.

FIGURE 42

Lintel (detail) from the east door of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, Jerusalem. Collection of the Israel Antiquities Authority. Photo © The Israel Museum, Jerusalem.

FIGURE 43

Portal of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, Jerusalem, c. 1917, before removal of lintels. Library of Congress, G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection, LC-DIG-matpc-02255.

FIGURE 44

Gil de Siloé, Tomb of the Infante Don Alfonso (detail), 1489–93. Cartuja de Miraflores, Burgos. Photo: Scala / Art Resource, New York.

FIGURE 45

Erhard Reuwich, frontispiece from Peregrinatio German, hand-colored woodcut, fol. 1v. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, 2 Inc.c.a. 1727.

FIGURE 46

Master of the Seven Virtues, title page with Philosopher from Petrus de Abano’s Conciliator differentiarum philosophorum et medicorum (Venice: Johannes Herbort, de Seligenstadt, 5 February 1483), illumination with print on vellum, fol. 2r. The Hague, National Library of the Netherlands, 169 D3.

FIGURE 47

Front binding from Justinianus’s Digestum novum (Venice: Nicolaus Jenson, 1477). Forschungsbibliothek Gotha, Mon. typ. 1477 2o 13.

FIGURE 48

Front binding (detail) from Justinianus’s Digestum novum (Venice: Nicolaus Jenson, 1477). Forschungsbibliothek Gotha, Mon. typ. 1477 2o 13.

FIGURE 49

Girolamo da Cremona, page with Aristotle and Averroës from Aristoteles’ Opera with commentary by Averroës and Porphyrius’s Isagoge in Aristotelis Praedicamenta (Venice: Andreas Torresanus, de Asula and Bartholomaeus de Blavis, de Alexandria in part for Johannes de Colonia, 1483), illumination with print on vellum, vol. 1, fol. 2r. The Pierpont Morgan Library, New York, PML 21194-95. Purchased in 1919. Photo: The Pierpont Morgan Library, New York.

FIGURE 50

Classroom Scene from Bernhard von Breydenbach’s Peregrinatio [Czech] Život Mohamedùv, 1498, woodcut, fol. 30v. Strahov Library, Prague, DR IV 37/c.

FIGURE 51

Girolamo da Cremona, page with Gathering of Philosophers from Aristoteles’ Opera with commentary by Averroës and Porphyrius’s Isagoge in Aristotelis Praedicamenta (Venice: Andreas Torresanus, de Asula and Bartholomaeus de Blavis, de Alexandria in part for Johannes de Colonia, 1483), illumination with print on vellum, vol. 2, fol. 1r. The Pierpont Morgan Library, New York, PML 21194-95. Purchased in 1919. Photo: The Pierpont Morgan Library, New York.

FIGURE 52

Giorgione, Three Philosophers, 1505–10. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna. Photo: Erich Lessing / Art Resource, New York.

FIGURE 53

Gentile Bellini, Medal of Mehmed II, 1481, bronze. Photo © Victoria and Albert Museum, London.

FIGURE 54

Seven-Headed Papal Beast, c. 1530, hand-colored woodcut. Kupferstichkabinett, Staatliche Museen, Berlin. Photo: bpk, Berlin / Kupferstichkabinett, Staatliche Museen, Berlin / Jörg P. Anders / Art Resource, New York.

FIGURE 55

Island of Hispaniola from Christophorus Columbus’s De insulis nuper in mare Indico repertis, printed with Carolus Verardus’s Historia Baetica (Basel: Johann Bergmann de Olpe, 1494), woodcut, fol. dd5v. Library of Congress, Jay I. Kislak Collection, rbesp 0004.

FIGURE 56

Ocean Fleet from Christophorus Columbus’s De insulis nuper in mare Indico repertis, printed with Carolus Verardus’s Historia Baetica (Basel: Johann Bergmann de Olpe, 1494), woodcut, fol. ee6v. Library of Congress, Jay I. Kislak Collection, rbesp 0004.

FIGURE 57

Fra Mauro, world map, 1448–60. Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, Venice. Photo: Scala / Art Resource, New York.

FIGURE 58

Erhard Reuwich, View of Venice (detail: San Michele) from Peregrinatio Latin, hand-colored woodcut, fols. 13v–20r. The Bodleian Libraries, The University of Oxford, Arch. B c.25.

FIGURE 59

T-in-O map from Saint Isidore of Seville’s Etymologiae, twelfth century. The British Library, London. Photo: HIP / Art Resource, New York.

FIGURE 60

Hereford world map, c. 1285. Photo © The Hereford Mappa Mundi Trust and the Dean and Chapter of Hereford Cathedral.

FIGURE 61

Hereford world map (detail: Jerusalem), c. 1285. Photo © The Hereford Mappa Mundi Trust and the Dean and Chapter of Hereford Cathedral.

FIGURE 62

Pietro Vesconte, map of the Holy Land from Marino Sanudo Torsello’s Liber secretorum fidelium crucis, c. 1321. Photo © The British Library Board, Add. 27376*, fols. 188v–189r. All rights reserved 2014.

FIGURE 63

After Nicolaus Germanus, map of the Holy Land from Ptolemaeus’s Cosmographia, 1486, hand-colored woodcut, fols. aa1v–aa1r. Collection of The Israel Museum, Jerusalem. Photo © The Israel Museum by Ilan Sztulman.

FIGURE 64

Jerusalem from Pietro del Massaio and Ugo Comminelli’s compilation of Ptolemaeus’s Cosmographia, before 1454. Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris, ms. lat. 4802, fol. 135r.

FIGURE 65

Erhard Reuwich, Map of the Holy Land with View of Jerusalem (detail: River Kidron) from Peregrinatio Latin, hand-colored woodcut on vellum, fols. 143v–148r. Photo © The British Library Board, C.14.c.13. All rights reserved 2014.

FIGURE 66

Erhard Reuwich, Map of the Holy Land with View of Jerusalem (detail: water system to the right of Jerusalem) from Peregrinatio Latin, hand-colored woodcut on vellum, fols. 143v–148r. Photo © The British Library Board, C.14.c.13. All rights reserved 2014.

FIGURE 67

Damascus from Pietro del Massaio and Ugo Comminelli’s compilation of Ptolemaeus’s Cosmographia, before 1454. Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris, ms. lat. 4802, fol. 134v.

FIGURE 68

Erhard Reuwich, Map of the Holy Land with View of Jerusalem (detail: Damascus) from Peregrinatio Latin, hand-colored woodcut on vellum, fols. 143v–148r. Photo © The British Library Board, C.14.c.13. All rights reserved 2014.

FIGURE 69

Jehuda Abenzara, portolan chart, 1505. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.

FIGURE 70

Erhard Reuwich, Map of the Holy Land with View of Jerusalem (detail: Nile delta) from Peregrinatio Latin, hand-colored woodcut on vellum, fols. 143v–148r. Photo © The British Library Board, C.14.c.13. All rights reserved 2014.

FIGURE 71

Jehuda Abenzara, portolan chart (detail: Nile delta), 1505. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.

FIGURE 72

Alexandria from Pietro del Massaio and Ugo Comminelli’s compilation of Ptolemaeus’s Cosmographia, before 1454. Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris, ms. lat. 4802, fol. 136r.

FIGURE 73

Erhard Reuwich, Map of the Holy Land with View of Jerusalem (detail: Red Sea) from Peregrinatio Latin, hand-colored woodcut on vellum, fols. 143v–148r. Photo © The British Library Board, C.14.c.13. All rights reserved 2014.

FIGURE 74

Jehuda Abenzara, portolan chart (detail: Red Sea), 1505. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.

FIGURE 75

Erhard Reuwich, Map of the Holy Land with View of Jerusalem (detail: Bethlehem) from Peregrinatio Latin, hand-colored woodcut on vellum, fols. 143v–148r. Photo © The British Library Board, C.14.c.13. All rights reserved 2014.

FIGURE 76

Erhard Reuwich, Map of the Holy Land with View of Jerusalem (detail: Egypt) from Peregrinatio Latin, hand-colored woodcut on vellum, fols. 143v–148r. Photo © The British Library Board, C.14.c.13. All rights reserved 2014.

FIGURE 77

Hans Memling, Scenes from the Life of Christ and the Virgin, c. 1480. Alte Pinakothek, Bayerische Staatsgemaeldesammlungen, Munich. Photo: bpk, Berlin / Alte Pinakothek, Bayerische Staatsgemaeldesammlungen, Munich / Art Resource, New York.

FIGURE 78

Fragments from Jerusalem with Scenes of the Passion, 1450–60, hand-colored woodcut. Hood Museum of Art, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire; purchased through the Florence and Lansing Porter Moore 1937 Fund, the Robert J. Stasenburgh II 1942 Fund, the Julia L. Whittier Fund, the Barbara Dau Southwell ’78 and David P. Southwell T’88 Fund for European Art.

FIGURE 79

Hans Memling, Shrine of Saint Ursula, 1489. Musea Brugge © Lukas-Art in Flanders vzw. Photo: Hugo Maertens.

FIGURE 80

Hans Memling, Shrine of Saint Ursula (detail: crossing the Alps), 1489. Musea Brugge © Lukas-Art in Flanders vzw. Photo: Hugo Maertens.

FIGURE 81

Hans Memling, Scenes from the Life of Christ and the Virgin (detail: Jerusalem and Magi observing star), c. 1480. Alte Pinakothek, Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen, Munich. Photo: bpk, Berlin / Alte Pinakothek, Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen, Munich / Art Resource, New York.

FIGURE 82

View behind the high altar of the Church of Domus Flevit, Jerusalem, built 1955. Photo: author.

FIGURE 83

Official visit of Bill Clinton to Gaza, December 16, 1998. Photo © Ira Wyman / Sygma / Corbis.

FIGURE 84

Diagram of monuments in Erhard Reuwich, Map of the Holy Land with View of Jerusalem (detail: Jerusalem) from Peregrinatio Latin, hand-colored woodcut on vellum, fols. 143v–148r. Photo © The British Library Board, C.14.c.13. All rights reserved 2014.

FIGURE 85

Erhard Reuwich, Map of the Holy Land with View of Jerusalem (detail: Ghawanima and Bab al-Asbat Minarets and Via Dolorosa) from Peregrinatio Latin, hand-colored woodcut on vellum, fols. 143v–148r. Photo © The British Library Board, C.14.c.13. All rights reserved 2014.

FIGURE 86

Ghawanima (top) and Bab al-Asbat (bottom) Minarets and Via Dolorosa (middle right), photographed near vantage for the View of Jerusalem in Breydenbach’s Peregrinatio. Photo: author.

FIGURE 87

Holy Grave and Dome of the Rock, sixteenth century, pen and ink over traces of charcoal or black chalk. Staatliche Graphische Sammlung München, 1962:184 Z.

FIGURE 88

Entrance Court of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, sixteenth century, pen and ink over traces of charcoal or black chalk. Staatliche Graphische Sammlung München, 1962:183 Z.

FIGURE 89

Erhard Reuwich, Holy Grave from Peregrinatio Latin, printed on reverse of Map of the Holy Land with View of Jerusalem (fols. 143v–148r). Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, Zi +156, Copy 2.

FIGURE 90

Erhard Reuwich, Map of the Holy Land with View of Jerusalem (detail: minarets framing Church of the Holy Sepulcher) from Peregrinatio Latin, hand-colored woodcut on vellum, fols. 143v–148r. Photo © The British Library Board, C.14.c.13. All rights reserved 2014.

FIGURE 91

Minaret of the Mosque of ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab (formerly Mosque of al-Malik al-Afdal) from entrance court of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, Jerusalem, before 1465. Photo: author.

FIGURE 92

Minaret of the Salahiyya Khanqah, Jerusalem, before 1417. Photo: author.

FIGURE 93

Church of the Holy Sepulcher between the Minarets of the Mosque of ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab (left) and Salahiyya Khanqah (right), photographed from the Jerusalem city walls. Photo: author.

FIGURE 94

Church of the Holy Sepulcher between the Minarets of the Mosque of ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab (left) and Salahiyya Khanqah (right), photographed from the Haram al-Sharif. Photo: author.

FIGURE 95

Entrance court of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, Jerusalem, c. 1900–1920. Library of Congress, G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection, LC-DIG-matpc-00019.

FIGURE 96

Erhard Reuwich, Map of the Holy Land with View of Jerusalem (detail: left to right, Tankiziyya Madrasa, Bab al-Silsila Minaret, Ashrafiyya Madrasa, and Dome of the Rock) from Peregrinatio Latin, hand-colored woodcut on vellum, fols. 143v–148r. Photo © The British Library Board, C.14.c.13. All rights reserved 2014.

FIGURE 97

(Left to right) Tankiziyya Madrasa, Bab al-Silsila Minaret, Ashrafiyya Madrasa (partially destroyed), and the Dome of the Rock, photographed near vantage for the View of Jerusalem in Breydenbach’s Peregrinatio. Photo: author.

FIGURE 98

Erhard Reuwich, Map of the Holy Land with View of Jerusalem (detail: Jaffa with indulgence key to Dome of the Rock steps) from Peregrinatio Latin, hand-colored woodcut on vellum, fols. 143v–148r. Photo © The British Library Board, C.14.c.13. All rights reserved 2014.

FIGURE 99

Erhard Reuwich, Map of the Holy Land with View of Jerusalem (detail: Golden Gate) from Peregrinatio Latin, hand-colored woodcut on vellum, fols. 143v–148r. Photo © The British Library Board, C.14.c.13. All rights reserved 2014.

FIGURE 100

Diagram of pilgrimage sites on the Mount of Olives near vantage for the View of Jerusalem in Breydenbach’s Peregrinatio. Photo: author.

FIGURE 101

Holy Grave in Passion Park, Görlitz, c. 1508. Photo: author.

FIGURE 102

Illustration of Christ Carrying out His Grievous Passion with Picture of the So-Called Holy Grave and the Holy Cross Church in Görlitz, 1719, from Ausführliche Beschreibung des Heil. Grabes zu Görlitz (Bautzen: Richter, 1726), engraving. Oberlausitzische Bibliothek der Wissenschaften, Görlitz, Gph VI 34 b. Photo: author.

FIGURE 103

View of Passion Park from “Mount of Olives,” Görlitz. Photo: author.

FIGURE 104

Hubert or Jan van Eyck, Three Marys at the Tomb, c. 1425–35. Photo: Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam—Photography Studio John Tromp, Rotterdam.

FIGURE 105

Jan Le Tavernier, View of Jerusalem from Burchard of Mount Sion’s Description de la Terre Sainte, after 1455. Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris, ms. fr. 9087, fol. 85v.

FIGURE 106

Circle of Loyset Liédet, Jerusalem from Johannes Gielemans’s, Historiologium Brabantinorum, c. 1486–87. © ÖNB Vienna, Cod. Ser. Nov. 12.710, fol. 2v.

FIGURE 107

View of Jerusalem associated with Sebald Rieter, after 1479. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, Cod. icon. 172.

FIGURE 108

Flemish illuminator, Jerusalem, in Book of Hours belonging to René of Anjou, c. 1435–43. Photo © The British Library Board, ms. Egerton 1070, fol. 5r. All rights reserved 2014.

FIGURE 109

Vittore Carpaccio, Sermon of Saint Stephen at Jerusalem, 1514. Musée du Louvre, Paris. Photo © RMN-Grand Palais / Art Resource, New York (Jean-Gilles Berizzi).

FIGURE 110

Erhard Reuwich, Map of the Holy Land with View of Jerusalem (detail: Mount Sion) from Peregrinatio Latin, hand-colored woodcut on vellum, fols. 143v–148r. Photo © The British Library Board, C.14.c.13. All rights reserved 2014.

FIGURE 111

Model of the Second Temple overlooking Temple Mount, Jerusalem, 2009. Photo: Gali Tibbon /AFP / Getty Images.