Читать книгу Writing: B2+ - Els Geyte Van - Страница 14

Glossary

outline (outlines) N-VAR An outline is a general explanation or description of something.

principle (principles) N-COUNT The principles of a particular theory or philosophy are its basic rules or laws.

When you wrote shorter essays, you learnt that the basic structure is: introduction / main body / conclusion, and that each separate idea needs a new paragraph. When you are writing a longer essay, the main principles are the same, but there are some differences.

The same three-part structure applies to any essay. In a longer essay, the introduction and conclusion will be more developed, but the biggest change will be in the main body, where there will be much more space to develop ideas. Although each new idea will still require a new paragraph, these separate ideas are likely to need more than one paragraph each to be fully developed. Before you do your research, you won’t know how many paragraphs you will be writing, but you are able to do an outline of the structure of the whole essay from the start.

The method we used in Chapter 1 can be used here to help with structure too. Look back at the example essay question about parallel trade and the three-step analysis of this question in the section Analysing key words and structure of essay titles.

This breakdown will lead to your outline, which can function as a plan for your writing as well as a starting point for your research.

Here, it would look like this:

Introduction	background about parallel trade, including definition
Main body	Paragraph 1 a description of each of the causes of parallel trade Paragraph 2 the aims of international marketers / an explanation of the different problems that parallel trade causes them Paragraph 3 the importance of these problems, with reasons Paragraph 4 possible solutions with examples
Conclusion	comments about how big the problem of parallel trade is for international marketers and if it can be successfully minimized

Exercise 1

Write an outline for the essay title below, from Chapter 1 Exercise 3. Before you start the outline, look at the Answer key for Chapter 1 for the three-step analysis of the essay title.

What are the most important key urban planning theories of the post-war period? Outline in summary their key characteristics. With reference to one of these theories, explain how they help us understand the nature of planning practice.

The last thing you want to do is confuse your reader, so it is important to structure your work in the order that they would expect to find it.