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 Essay structure – introduction / body / conclusion. The body is likely to have a large number of well-developed and linked paragraphs.

 Planning – do an initial outline based on an analysis of the essay question; a more detailed one can be done after the research.

 Introduction – includes an explanation of the situation and its importance, as well as a statement of the aim of the essay and an indication of its structure.

 Conclusion – includes a summary of the main ideas, a review and evaluation of the evidence, and an answer to the question.

 Paragraphs have a three-part structure with their own introductory and concluding sentence(s), and analysis, evidence or detail in between; they often refer forward and backwards to other paragraphs.

 Readability becomes very important in long essays. The reader needs to find the right information where they expect it; they also need to be told about the structure of the essay and find cohesive text, divided into paragraphs and signposted throughout.

 Linking words need to be used in longer text; they need to be chosen carefully and used only where necessary.