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Glossary

argument (arguments) N-VAR An argument is a statement or set of statements that you use in order to try to convince people that your opinion about something is correct.

measure (measures) N-COUNT When someone, usually a government or other authority, takes measures to do something, they carry out particular actions in order to achieve a particular result.

policy (policies) N-VAR A policy is a set of ideas or plans that is used as a basis for making decisions, especially in politics, economics, or business.

When you start a new paragraph, you are indicating that the previous point is finished and you are starting something new. However, this new paragraph is not completely separate from the previous one, and you will have to indicate what the relationship is. For example, if you start with ‘Another argument in favour of calculators is …’, then the language you have chosen clearly indicates to the reader that you are discussing a different argument (‘Another’) with the same purpose (‘in favour’).

When you use a construction like ‘another argument is’, what you are doing is summing up what has been said previously and naming it (‘argument’). You are also announcing what you are going to be doing next (‘another argument’), or perhaps indicating that you are going to give more specific information (‘This argument …’).

The following are examples of words like ‘argument’, which are often used with the word ‘this’ (or ‘these’, when used in the plural) in this way.

analysis, approach, concept, context, data, definition, environment, evidence, factor, function, interpretation, issue, measure, method, period, policy, principle, procedure, process, research, response, sector, structure, theory

Here is an example of how this pattern can be used. Note that some information has been left out of the paragraphs.

The government wanted to introduce social security as part of a larger policy to improve society. […] Another important message was that they felt that the state and the individual should work together. This meant that social security was not intended to discourage people from taking responsibility for improving their lives […].

These guiding principles […].

Note that the first sentence of a paragraph will normally show how it fits in with the overall structure of your plan, and may indicate what will happen next.

Tip

 Check the logical construction of your own writing by highlighting the most important sentences in each paragraph. If you just read those, would the essay make sense? If not, make changes.

For more information on the language used to introduce, develop and connect paragraphs, see Chapter 3.