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[1] For a list of these see p. xii.

[2] Compilatio, "pillage, polling, robbing" (Cooper).

[3] Among words on which the reader will find either entirely new information or a modification of generally accepted views are akimbo, anlace, branks, caulk, cockney, felon (a whitlow), foil, kestrel, lugger, mulligrubs, mystery (a craft), oriel, patch, petronel, salet, sentry, sullen, tret, etc.

[4] In spite of the fact that the New English Dictionary now finds shark applied to the fish some years before the first record of shark, a sharper, parasite, I adhere to my belief that the latter is the earlier sense. The new example quoted, from a Tudor "broadside," is more suggestive of a sailor's apt nickname than of zoological nomenclature—"There is no proper name for it that I knowe, but that sertayne men of Captayne Haukinses doth call it a sharke" (1569).

[5] See the author's Surnames (John Murray, 1916), especially pp. 177–83.

The following dictionaries are quoted without further reference:—

Palsgrave, French and English (1530).

Cooper, Latin and English (1573).

Percyvall, Spanish and English (1591).

Florio, Italian and English (1598).

Cotgrave, French and English (1611).

Torriano, Italian and English (1659).

Hexham, Dutch and English (1660).

Ludwig, German and English (1716).