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LECTURE VII. THE TRACES OF A PRIMITIVE MONOTHEISM 222

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Two Conflicting Theories on the History of Religion—That of the

Old and New Testaments—That of Modern Evolution—The Importance of

this Question—Professor Henry B. Smith's Estimate of Ebrard's

Discussion of it—Ebrard's Summing-up of the Argument—Professor

Naville's View of the Subject—Conclusions of Rev. W.A.P. Martin,

D.D., and Max Müller—How far May we Attempt to Establish the Fact

of an Early Monotheism from Heathen Traditions?—Conceptions

Differing in Different Nations—Evidences of Monotheism in the

Vedas—Professor Banergea's Testimony—The Views Held by the Modern

Somajes—Monotheism in China—Monotheistic Worship in the Days of

Yao and Shun, 2300 B.C.—The Prayer of an Emperor of the Ming

Dynasty Quoted by Professor Legge—Remarkable Monument of

Monotheism in the Temple of Heaven—A Taouist Prayer—Zoroaster a

Monotheistic Reformer—The Inscription at Behistun—Testimony of

the Modern Parsee Catechism—No Nation without some Notion of a God

Supreme over All—Buddhists in Thibet—Egyptian Monotheism—The

Greek Poets—Old Monotheism in Mexico and Peru—Evidences of

Ramification and Decline in Polytheism—Egypt and India Give

Abundant Proofs—Hinduism, Buddhism, and Taouism all Show

Degeneration—Mohammedan Corruption since the Days of the Early

Caliphs—The Religions of Greece and Rome Became Effete—Even

Israel, in Spite of Instruction and Reproof, Lapsed into Idolatry

again and again—Even the Christian Church has Shown Similar

Tendencies.

Oriental Religions and Christianity

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