Читать книгу Smart Grid and Enabling Technologies - Frede Blaabjerg - Страница 80

Over the past decade, renewable energy technologies have moved into the mainstream of every technology. Annual capacity of RES has been added to 100 GW and exceeds all traditional energies since 2011. Figure 2.33 illustrates a general taxonomy of possible RES challenges. These challenges could be classified into: technical, financial and societal.

Figure 2.32 Maturity of selected renewable energy technologies, Adapted from [9].

Figure 2.33 Common challenges in bulk implementation of RES into the SG [9]. Reproduced with permission from ELSEVIER.

From figure 2.33 two technical problems are reported:

1 Governing the energy mix and dealing with uncertainty during operational conditions.

2 Managing supply and demand during outages and abundances of energy demand.

Currently, existing power systems are not suitable for the bulk integration of the RES. Thus, it is vital to implement advanced technologies to support the stability and reliability of the power system. SG operations take advantage of information and communication technologies to add more flexibility in the energy mix deployment. The flexibility measures are classified into six categories as shown in Figure 2.34. To date, a variety of intelligent tools are proposed to support the integration of RES into the SG. Figure 2.35 proposes different options according to the location where they would be implemented [63, 64].