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CHAPTER I. FOOTNOTES.

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1. The lesser manors included in it are clearly only sub-manors, and for the present purpose do not destroy its original unity.

2. Statutes, Record Com. Ed. i. p. 206.

3. Balc is a Welsh word; and when the plough is accidentally turned aside, and leaves a sod of grass unturned between the furrows, the plough is said by the Welsh ploughman speaking Welsh, to 'balc' (balco).

4. See the map of a portion of the Purwell field.

5. Striking examples of these lynches may be seen from the railroad at Luton in Bedfordshire, and between Cambridge and Hitchin, as well as in various other parts of England. They may be seen often on the steep sides of the Sussex Downs and the Chiltern Hills. Great numbers of them are to be noticed from the French line between Calais and Paris. In some cases on the steep chalk downs, terraces for ploughing have evidently been artificially cut; but even in these cases there must always have been a gradual natural growth of the lynches by annual accretion from the ploughing. In old times, in order to secure the turning of the sod downhill, the plough, after cutting a furrow, returned as stated one way idle; but in more recent times a plough called a 'turn-wrist plough' came into use, which by reversing its share could be used both ways, to the great saving of time.

6. The number of parcels held by each owner was as follows:—

Owner No. Parcels Owner No. Parcels
1 38 13 5
2 35 14 5
3 28 15 8
4 25 16 7
5 3 17 2
6 8 18 1
7 4 19 12
8 28 20 1
9 6 21 3
10 1 22 1
11 10 23 4
12 2 24 0
Owner No. Parcels Owner No. Parcels
25 0 37 2
26 1 38 2
27 1 39 1
28 0 40 1
29 1 41 6
30 3 42 3
31 2 43 2
32 1 44 1
33 3 45 1
34 6 46 2
35 4 47 7
36 1 48 1
Total 289

7. Hyginus de Condicionibus Agrorum. Die Schriften der Römischen Feldmesser (Lachmann, &c.), i. p. 114. 'Nam invenimus sæpe in publicis instrumentis significanter inscripta territoria, ita ut ex colliculo qui appellatur ille ad flumen illud, et super flumen illud ad rivum illum aut viam illam, et per viam illam ad infima montis illius, qui locus appellatur ille, et inde per jugum montis illius in summum, et super summum montis per divergia aquæ ad locum, qui appellatur ille, et inde deorsum versus ad locum illum, et inde ad compitum illius, et inde per monumentum illius, ad locum unde primum cœpit scriptura esse.' See as an early example, 'Sententia Minuciorum,' Corpus Inscript. Lat. i. 199.

8. The lammas meadows are divided into strips like the arable land for the purpose of the hay crop.

9. These Enclosure Acts were as follows:—

Date of Enclosure Acts Names of Parishes whose open fields were thereby enclosed
1766 Hexton [Herts].
1795 Henlow [Beds].
1796 Norton [Herts].
1797 Campton-cum-ShefFord [Beds].
1797 King's Walden [Herts].
1797 Weston [Herts].
1802 Hinxworth [Herts].
1802 Shitlington [Beds]. Holwell [Beds].
1804 Arlsey [Beds].
1807 Offley [Herts].
1808 Luton [Beds].
1809 Barton-in-the-Clay [Beds].
Codicote [Herts].
1810 Welwyn [Herts].
Knebworth [Herts].
1811 Pirton [Herts].
1811 Great Wymondley [Herts]. Little Wymondley [Herts]. Ippollitts [Herts].
1827 Langford [Beds].
1832 Clifton [Beds].

10. Porter's Progress of the Nation, p. 146:—

1760–69 385
1770–79 660
1780–89 246
1790–99 469
1800–09 847
1810–19 853
1820–29 205
1830–39 136
1840–44 66
3,867
The English Village Community

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