Читать книгу Equine Lameness for the Layman - G. Robert Grisel DVM - Страница 12

Daisy Cutter: A horse that demonstrates a flat stride with very little elevation of the limbs during protraction.

Descending Movement: Downward motion of one or more body parts.

Desmitis: Inflammation of ligament tissue.

Desmopathy: Ligament disease.

Diagonal Gait: A method of movement in which the forelimb and hind limb on opposite sides of the horse mimic each other in action.

Diagonal Pair: The pair of limbs that mirror each other in action. “The left hind and right front limbs comprise one diagonal pair and the right hind and left front limbs comprise the other.”

Diarthrodial Joint: A freely-movable joint characterized by the presence of a fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, lubricating (synovial) fluid and fibro- or hyaline cartilage layers which line opposing bony surfaces.

Differential List: A distinguishing list of diseases or conditions that present similar symptoms or clinical signs.

Distal: Toward the free (lower) end of the limb. “The foot is distal to the fetlock joint.”

Distal Tarsitis: Inflammation associated with the lower joints of the horse’s tarsus (or hock).

Dorsal: Toward the front of the limbs (below the levels of the carpus and tarsus) and toward the upper aspect of the head, neck, back, and pelvis. “The horse’s withers are dorsal to the ribs.”

Dorsal Plane: Passes through the head, body, or limb parallel to its dorsal surfaces.

Dorsal Subluxation: Abnormal repositioning or dislocation of a limb structure in a forward direction or a body structure in an ascending direction.

Dorsiflexion: Bending of the spine in a way that moves either end away from the ground surface.

Dorsolateral: Toward the front and outside of the lower limb (below the levels of the carpus and tarsus). “The outside toe quarter is dorsolateral to the center of the navicular bone.”

Dorsomedial: Toward the front and inside of the limb (below the levels of the carpus and tarsus). “The inside toe quarter is dorsomedial to the center of the navicular bone.”

Drifting: Orientation of the horse’s spine in a way that is not consistent with its trajectory (directional path of movement).