Жанры Авторы Контакты О сайте

Книжные новинки Популярные книги

Главная Авторы George Acquaah Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding

Читать книгу Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding - George Acquaah - Страница 1

Оглавление

Предыдущая Следующая

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 ...381

Оглавление

Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding

Купить и скачать книгу Вернуться на страницу книги Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding

Оглавление

Страница 1 Table of Contents List of Tables List of Illustrations Guide Pages Страница 7 Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding Страница 9Страница 10 Preface Acknowledgments Industry highlights boxes Industry highlights boxes: Authors Section 1 Overview and historical perspectives 1 Introduction Purpose and expected outcomes 1.1 What is plant breeding? 1.2 The goals of plant breeding 1.3 The concept of genetic manipulation of plant attributes 1.4 Why breed plants? 1.4.1 Addressing world food and feed quality needs 1.4.2 Addressing food supply needs for a growing world population 1.4.3 Need to adapt plants to environmental stresses 1.4.4 Need to adapt crops to specific production systems 1.4.5 Developing new horticultural plant varieties 1.4.6 Satisfying industrial and other end‐use requirements 1.5 Overview of the basic steps in plant breeding 1.6 How have plant breeding objectives changed over the years? 1.7 The art and science of plant breeding 1.7.1 Art and the concept of the “breeder's eye” 1.7.2 The scientific disciplines and technologies of plant breeding 1.8 Training of plant breeders 1.9 The plant breeding industry 1.9.1 Private sector plant breeding Industry highlights Box 1.1 Training game changers in plant breeding at the West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI) in Africa for Africa Genesis of WACCI Overall goal and objectives Student recruitment and PhD program structure Quality assurance Funding Student research and breeding programs WACCI graduates' research and breeding programs Breeding programs at WACCI WACCI maize breeding program Visibility and impact of WACCI Acknowledgments 1.9.2 Public sector plant breeding The USA experience The UK experience Crop research and development in European Community (EC) countries International plant breeding 1.9.3 Public sector versus private sector breeding 1.10 Duration and cost of plant breeding programs 1.11 The future of plant breeding in society 1.12 The organization of the book Key references and suggested reading Internet resources for reference Outcomes assessment Part A Part B Part C Note 2 History of plant breeding Purpose and expected outcomes 2.1 Origins of agriculture and plant breeding 2.2 The “unknown breeder” 2.2.1 The “farmer‐breeder” 2.2.2 The “no name” breeder 2.3 Plant manipulation efforts by the early civilizations 2.4 Early pioneers of the theories and practices of modern plant breeding 2.5 Later pioneers and trailblazers 2.6 History of plant breeding technologies/techniques 2.6.1 Technologies/techniques associated with creation of variation Artificial pollination Hybridization Tissue culture/embryo culture Chromosome doubling Bridge cross Protoplast fusion Hybrid seed technology/technique Seedlessness technique Mutagenesis rDNA technology Important modern milestones associated with the creation of variation 2.6.2 Technologies/techniques for selection Selection (breeding) schemes Molecular marker technology Gene mapping Genomic selection 2.7 Genome‐wide approaches to crop improvement 2.8 Bioinformatics and OMICs technologies in crop improvement 2.9 Summary of changes in plant breeding over the last half century 2.9.1 Changes in the science of breeding 2.9.2 Changes in laws and policies 2.9.3 Changes in breeding objectives 2.9.4 Changes in the creation of variability 2.9.5 Changes in identifying and evaluating genetic variability 2.9.6 Selecting and evaluating superior genotypes 2.10 Achievements of modern plant breeders Key references and suggested reading Internet resources Outcomes assessment Part A Part B Part C Section 2 Population and quantitative genetic principles 3 Introduction to concepts of population genetics Purpose and expected outcomes 3.1 Concepts of a population and gene pool 3.1.1 Definitions 3.1.2 Mathematical model of a gene pool Calculating gene frequency Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium An example of a breeding application of Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium 3.2 Issues arising from Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium 3.2.1 Issue of population size 3.2.2 Issue of multiple loci 3.3 Factors affecting changes in gene frequency 3.3.1 Migration 3.3.2 Mutation 3.3.3 Selection 3.4 Frequency dependent selection 3.5 Summary of key plant breeding applications 3.6 Modes of selection 3.6.1 Stabilizing selection 3.6.2 Disruptive selection 3.6.3 Directional selection 3.7 Effect of mating system on selection 3.7.1 Random mating 3.7.2 Non‐random mating Genetic assortative mating Pheotypic assortative mating Disassortative mating 3.8 Concept of inbreeding 3.9 Inbreeding and its implications in plant breeding 3.9.1 Consequences 3.9.2 Applications 3.9.3 Mating systems that promote inbreeding 3.10 Concept of population improvement 3.11 Types 3.11.1 Methods of population improvement Key references and suggested reading Internet resources Outcomes assessment Part A Part B Part C 4 Introduction to quantitative genetics Purpose and expected outcomes 4.1 What is quantitative genetics? 4.2 Quantitative traits 4.2.1 Qualitative genetics versus quantitative genetics 4.2.2 The environment and quantitative variation 4.2.3 Polygenes and polygenic inheritance What are polygenes? Number of genes controlling a quantitative trait Modifying genes 4.2.4 Decision‐making in breeding based on biometrical genetics What is the best cultivar to breed? What selection method would be most effective for improvement of the trait? Should selection be on single traits or multiple traits? 4.2.5 Gene action Additive gene action Dominance gene action Overdominance gene action Epistasis gene action 4.2.6 Gene action and plant breeding 4.2.7 Gene action and methods of breeding Self‐pollinated species Cross‐pollinated species Impact of breeding method on genetic variance Estimating gene action Factors affecting gene action 4.2.8 Variance components of a quantitative trait 4.2.9 The concept of heritability Definition Types of heritability Factors affecting heritability estimates 4.2.10 Methods of computation Applications of heritability Evaluating parental germplasm 4.2.11 Response to selection in breeding Prediction of response in one generation – genetic advance due to selection 4.2.12 Concept of correlated response 4.2.13 Selection for multiple traits Tandem selection Independent curling Index selection 4.2.14 Concept of intuitive index 4.2.15 The concept of general worth 4.2.16 Nature of breeding characteristics and their levels of expression 4.2.17 Early generation testing 4.2.18 Concept of combining ability 4.2.19 Mating designs Hybrid crosses Mating designs for random mating populations Biparental mating (or pair crosses) Polycross North carolina design I North carolina design II North carolina design III Diallele cross Comparative evaluation of mating designs 4.3 The genetic architecture of quantitative traits 4.3.1 Effects of QTL on phenotype 4.3.2 Molecular basis of quantitative variation 4.4 Systems genetics 4.5 Predicting breeding value 4.6 Genomic selection (genome‐wide selection) 4.7 Mapping quantitative traits Key references and suggested reading Internet resources Outcomes assessment Part A Part B Part C 5 Introductionto reproduction Purpose and expected outcomes 5.1 Importance of mode of reproduction to plant breeding 5.2 Overview of reproductive options in plants 5.3 Types of reproduction 5.4 Sexual reproduction 5.4.1 Sexual lifecycle of a plant (alternation of generation) 5.4.2 Duration of plant growth cycles 5.4.3 The flower structure 5.4.4 General reproductive morphology 5.4.5 Types of flowers 5.4.6 Gametogenesis 5.4.7 Pollination and fertilization 5.5 What is autogamy? 5.5.1 Mechanisms that promote autogamy 5.5.2 Mechanisms that prevent autogamy Self‐incompatibility Self‐incompatibility systems Changing the incompatibility reaction Plant breeding implications of self‐incompatibility Male sterility Exploiting male sterility in breeding Dichogamy 5.5.3 Genetic and breeding implications of autogamy Industry highlight boxes Introgression breeding on tomatoes for resistance to powdery mildew Tomato and its wild relatives Introgression breeding An example of introgression breeding Search for resistance in wild relatives of tomato Inheritance of the resistance Generation of near isogenic lines Releasing NILs to companies for production of resistant cultivars References 5.6 Genotype conversion programs 5.7 Artificial pollination control techniques 5.8 What is allogamy? 5.8.1 Mechanisms that favor allogamy Monoecy Dioecy 5.8.2 Genetic and breeding implications of allogamy Inbreeding depression 5.9 Mendelian concepts relating to the reproductive system 5.9.1 Mendelian postulates 5.9.2 Concept of genotype and phenotype 5.9.3 Predicting genotype and phenotype 5.9.4 Distinguishing between heterozygous and homozygous individuals 5.10 Complex inheritance 5.10.1 Incomplete dominance and codominance 5.10.2 Multiple alleles of the same gene 5.10.3 Multiple genes 5.10.4 Polygenic inheritance 5.10.5 Concept of gene interaction and modified Mendelian ratios 5.10.6 Pleiotropy Key references and suggested reading Outcomes assessment Part A Part B Part C 6 Hybridization Purpose and expected outcomes 6.1 Concept of gene transfer and hybridization 6.2 Applications of crossing in plant breeding 6.3 Artificial hybridization 6.4 Artificial pollination control techniques 6.5 Flower and flowering issues in hybridization 6.5.1 Flower health and induction 6.5.2 Synchronization of flowering 6.5.3 Selecting female parents and suitable flowers 6.6 Emasculation 6.6.1 Factors to consider for success 6.6.2 Methods of emasculation Direct anther emasculation Indirect anther emasculation 6.7 Pollination 6.7.1 Pollen collection and storage 6.7.2 Application of pollen 6.7.3 Tagging after pollination 6.8 Number of F1 crosses to make 6.9 Genetic issues in hybridization 6.9.1 Immediate effect 6.9.2 Subsequent effect 6.9.3 Gene recombination in the F₂ 6.10 Types of populations generated through hybridization 6.10.1 Divergent crossing 6.10.2 Convergent crosses 6.11 Wide crosses Industry highlights Maize and Tripsacum : experiments in intergeneric hybridization and the transfer of apomixis A historical review Generating maize × Tripsacum hybrids Gene transfer from Tripsacum to maize Potential pathways for Tripsacum introgression The 28→38→20 Non‐apomictic pathway The 28→38 apomictic transfer pathway The 46→56→38 non‐apomictic pathway The 46→56→38 apomictic transfer pathway Transfer of apomixis from Tripsacum to maize Pitfalls in the development of an apomictic maize FDR in apomictic maize‐ Tripsacum hybrids Potential advantages of apomictic hybrid corn References 6.11.1 Objectives of wide crosses 6.11.2 Selected success with wide crosses 6.12 Issue of reproductive isolation barriers 6.13 Overcoming challenges of reproductive barriers 6.14 Bridge crosses Key references and suggested reading Internet resources Outcomes assessment Part A Part B Part C 7 Clonal propagation and in vitro culture Purpose and expected outcomes 7.1 What is a clone? 7.2 Clones, inbred lines, and pure lines 7.3 Categories of clonally propagated species based on economic use 7.4 Categories of clonally propagated species for breeding purposes 7.5 Types of clonal propagation 7.6 Importance of clonal propagation in plant breeding 7.7 Breeding implications of clonal propagation 7.8 Genetic Issues in Clonal Breeding 7.9 Breeding approaches used in clonal species 7.9.1 Planned introduction 7.9.2 Clonal selection Purifying an infected cultivar Clonal selection for cultivar development 7.9.3 Crossing with clonal selection 7.9.4 Mutation breeding 7.9.5 Breeding implications, advantages, and limitations of clonal propagation 7.10 Natural propagation 7.11 In vitro culture Industry highlights use of comparative molecular markers and plant tissue culture techniques for genetic diversity assessment and rapid production of Musa species at Bowie State University Introduction Genetic diversity and population structure of Musa species using CDDP, ISSR, and SCoT markers Conserved DNA‐derived polymorphism (CDDP), inter‐simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and start codon targeted (SCoT) markers Macropropagation and micropropagation of Musa accessions References 7.12 Micropropagation 7.12.1 Axillary shoot production 7.12.2 Adventitious shoot production 7.12.3 Somatic adventitious embryogenesis 7.13 Concept of totipotency 7.14 Somaclonal variation 7.15 Apomixis 7.15.1 Occurrence in nature 7.15.2 Benefits of apomixis Benefits to the plant breeder Benefits to the producer Impact on the environment 7.15.3 Mechanisms of apomixis Apospory Diplospory Adventitious embryo Parthenogenesis 7.16 Other tissue culture applications 7.16.1 Synthetic seed 7.16.2 Limitations to commercialization of synthetic seed technology 7.16.3 Production of virus‐free plants 7.16.4 Applications in wide crosses Embryo rescue Somatic hybridization 7.17 Production of haploids 7.17.1 Anther culture Applications Limitations 7.17.2 Ovule/Ovary culture 7.17.3 Haploids from wide crosses 7.17.4 Doubled haploids Key features Applications Procedure Advantages and disadvantages Genetic issues 7.18 Germplasm preservation Key references and suggested reading Internet resources Outcomes assessment Part A Part B Part C {buyButton}

Подняться наверх

Популярные жанры Детективы Классика Искусство Психология Наука и образование Фантастика Фэнтези

Книжные новинки Популярные книги Жанры Авторы Контакты О сайте

© КнигаЛит.ру 2015 - 2024. Рейтинг книг, рецензии и отзывы о бумажных и электронных книгах, сравнение цен на книги в магазинах.

На нашем сайте вы можете скачать бесплатно и читать бесплатно онлайн фрагмент интересующего вас произведения, заказать и купить бумажную книгу с доставкой в книжных интернет-магазинах, или электронную книгу в одном из популярных форматов для чтения на ридере, мобильном устройстве и ПК. Подробнее о сайте.