Читать книгу Acoustic and Vibrational Enhanced Oil Recovery - George V. Chilingar - Страница 15

According to the site http://www.iris.washington.edu/SeismiQuery/events.htm, 66 earthquakes with magnitudes 2 or higher occurred over the globe on average per night for the period from 01.01.2000 to 01.01.2010.

Assuming that the seismic activity of the planet Earth was the same as at the beginning of the 21st century, one can calculate how many earthquakes occurred during the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic times:

 In the Paleozoic 69,507,200 million

 In the Mesozoic 27,429,750 million

 During the Cenozoic 7,924,150 million

On considering precursor activity of earthquakes, the minimum frequency oscillations in the number of earthquakes, and gravity attraction of the Sun and the Moon, then the volume of fluid movements due to dynamic forces in the migration routes in the geological past was immense (Fedin et al., 2013 [14]).

The seismic vibrations (elastic oscillations) eliminate the blocking effects of the residual oil, gas, and water phases, enable movement through the low permeability zones, and increase the areal and vertical sweep efficiency.

The physical theory behind the application of seismic vibration to increase production was discussed in detail by Beresnev and Johnson (1994) [5], Beresnev (2006) [6], Kouznetsov et al. (1998) [18], (2001) [19], (2002) [20], Pride et al. (2008) [26], and Fedin et al., (2013) [14].

Hydraulic fracturing also can occur with high-pressure impulses within the low-permeability zones (Kouznetsov et al. (2002) [20]). In the FSU, the use of various vibration techniques resulted in an incremental oil production of 200 million bbls (see Kouznetsov et al. (2002) [20], Figure 1.3). Fedin et al. (2013) [14] reported additional recovery of millions of bbls of oil by using explosions (60-kg explosives) in producing wells.