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The ANSI/ASSP Z590.3, Prevention through Design, Guidelines for Addressing Occupational Hazards and Risks in the Design and Redesign Processes was first published in 2011 and reaffirmed in 2016. The standard was the result of a number of years of efforts by the ASSP, National Safety Council (NSC), and National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). The standard was developed to provide consistent procedures for conducting hazard analysis and risk assessment in the design and redesign process.

Risk assessment is a major component of the Prevention through Design (PtD) process as outlined in ANSI Z590.3. A significant portion of the standard is dedicated to applying risk assessment throughout the life cycle of a system. Section 7, The Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment Process covers the following steps on risk assessment.

 Communication and direction

 Establish risk criteria

 Establish the context

 Anticipate/Identify risk sources

 Consider the failure modes

 Assess the severity of consequences

 Determine occurrence likelihood

 Analyze risk

 Evaluate risk

 Select and implement risk reduction and control methods

 Monitor and review

The PtD standard also presents several risk assessment techniques and provides samples and templates in the appendices. ANSI Z590.3 emphasizes the use of risk assessment in workplace designs and existing systems as a major aspect of PtD. The PtD standard provides guidance on the hierarchy of controls beginning with “higher level” controls including avoidance, elimination, substitution, minimization, and simplification. These “higher level” controls are more readily applied during the conceptual phases of design and redesign of systems, and more effective in reducing risk.

ANSI Z590.3 is unique in that it is intended to be applied throughout the life cycle including pre‐operation, operational, post incident, and/or post operational stages of products, processes, and operations. Identifying hazards, assessing risks, and determining controls during the design or redesign process is the most reliable and cost‐effective time to perform these activities. Thus, this standard should be a primary reference for the safety professional.