Читать книгу Ice Adhesion - Группа авторов - Страница 37

In daily life situations, phase transitions will follow a heterogeneous nucleation scheme. It can occur for any phase transition between two phases of vapor, liquid, or solid, such as condensation of vapor, bubble formation from liquid, solidification from liquid, etc. Heterogeneous nucleation originates from preferential sites of a third phase, for example, surfaces of a container or at impurities like dust. The interfacial energy of the new phase with these preferential sites is typically significantly lower than its surface energy relative to the original phase, thus diminishing the free energy barrier and facilitating nucleation.