Читать книгу 2D Monoelements - Группа авторов - Страница 16

Advanced chemical techniques were used intensively to fabricate large quantities of innovative devices based on new 2D sheets like graphene, germanene, borophene, silicene, and stanene [38]. For other synthesized 2D materials, this new processing route based on the deposition via thermal evaporation of their elemental forms is done on available suitable substrates/surfaces like Ag(111), Au(111), Pt(111), and Al(111) [34]. In parallel, other means, such as the successful epitaxial growth of graphene and TMDCs on insulating substrates made of sapphire or 300 nm of SiO₂ on Si (SiO2/Si) [41] open up also the way to a possible phosphorene. These bottom-up methods are very used for materials stable under moisturizing conditions and at high temperature. In contrast, large-scale phosphorene CVD and epitaxial growth are still incubating and breakthroughs due to various reasons, such as lack of suitable substrate, high toxicity of phosphorus, as well as instability of phosphorene in the presence of moisture under high pressure [38, 42].