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Cardiac flow velocities

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Normal values and blood flow velocity patterns have been previously reported for cardiac Doppler velocities. More specifically, blood flow velocity values and patterns have been described for the pulmonary and aortic outflow tracts, ductus arteriosus, DV, pulmonary veins, tricuspid and mitral valve, and inferior vena cava. Any fetal structural cardiac abnormality or precordial or postcordial vascular abnormality can affect the blood flow velocity and waveform of the aforementioned vessels and valves. Further discussion of fetal echocardiography is found in Protocol 6.

Protocols for High-Risk Pregnancies

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