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The enterprise lives at the rate of two different modes by their nature, their time constant, and the people involved.

The operational mode amounts to managing the daily, the existing, managing the workshops and plants as they are at a given time, in accordance with the values of the company and its governance (see section 1.7). This role is primarily assigned to plant directors, production managers, and to the manufacturing function in general.

The entrepreneurial mode consists of managing the portfolio of projects generated by the strategic plan as defined above. This is the privileged field of research, design offices, engineering, and project managers. People belonging to these entities must ensure changes that result from a strategic plan.

A major investment or reengineering can shake up a plant or system beyond reason. It is up to the executives to ensure the necessary balance. Many asset managers forget everyday life because they are attracted by the “brilliance” and novelty of investment projects.