Читать книгу Museum Practice - Группа авторов - Страница 49

Broadly, despite the multifarious ways in which museums are established and maintained around the world, there are only four modes of governance:

 line departments;

 “arms-length” institutions;

 independent not-for-profit associations;

 private ownership.

Those museums in the last category that are operated for profit are excluded from the definitions of museums by the United Nations Educational and Scientific Organization (UNESCO), the Museums Association of Great Britain (MA), and the American Association of Museums (AAM), all of which define museums as not-for-profit. Not-for-profit privately owned museums are included in the definitions, but do not constitute a separate category since these museums, many of which are corporate institutions, may be operated under any of the other three modes of governance: thus a corporate museum may be a line department of its parent corporation, or may be established under a governing board established at arm’s length from the corporation, or may even be set up as a completely independent institution to which the corporation contributes grants. Thus it is sufficient here to consider the first three modes of governance, which characterize all those institutions that satisfy the internationally accepted definition of a museum.