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The main drivers justifying development and implementation of the IAPT programme for the treatment of common mental health problems (Seward and Clark, 2010) have been:

 Justice-based care arising from the personal impact of mental health problems on patients (Layard and Clark, 2015)

 A strong clinical evidence-base determined by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) informing mental health treatment

 A powerful economic case to address societal and lost productivity costs associated with mental health problems calculated to be in the region of £7–10 billion (Centre for Economic Performance, 2006)

 Recognition that solely focusing on increasing the availability of the high-intensity mental health workforce was no longer a viable option (Bennett-Levy et al., 2010).

These drivers created a strong ‘constellation of rationale and evidence’ providing the initial momentum to justify and establish the IAPT programme (Seward and Clark, 2010: 480). The IAPT programme is now informing similar service developments on a worldwide scale in countries such as the USA (Chapter 20), Hong Kong and Sweden.