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Nicholas Anastasopoulos is an architect, researcher, and assistant professor at the School of Architecture, National Technical University of Athens. He holds a PhD from the same university in alternative communities and sustainability and a MArch from Yale. He has taught at Patras University, Parsons School of Design (NYC), and elsewhere. As postdoctoral Prometeo Researcher (IAEN, Ecuador, 2014) he contributed to the FLOK Society project and conducted research on aspects of Buen Vivir and sustainability. Nicholas has conducted extensive research and collaborated with architects, artists, and researchers in Ecuador, Europe, and South America. He initiated the MET workshop and the Ports in Transition Workshops (Europe and South America) for spatial policies. His research interests concern the commons, communities, systems theory, ecology, and complexity. He is currently academic representative and senior researcher in charge on behalf of NTUA for SoPHIA, a H2020 consortium research program aiming to create a Social Platform on Holistic Impact Assessment of European Cultural Heritage.

Panayotis Antoniadis is the co‐founder of NetHood, a Zurich‐based non‐profit organization that combines research and action in the development of tools for self‐organization and conviviality, bringing together different forms of commoning in the city such as community networks, complementary currencies, and cooperative housing. http://nethood.org/panayotis/

Michel Bauwens is a Peer‐to‐Peer (P2P) theorist and a writer, researcher, and conference speaker on the subject of technology, culture, and business innovation. He is a theorist in the emerging field of P2P theory and the director and founder of the P2P Foundation, a global organization of researchers and activists working collaboratively to explore peer production, governance, and property. He has authored a number of books and essays, including his seminal essay “The Political Economy of Peer Production.” In 2014, Michel was the research director of the transition project towards the social knowledge economy, an official project in Ecuador (see floksociety.org). This project produced a first integrated Commons Transition Plan for the government of Ecuador, in order to create a “social knowledge economy.” In 2016, Michel was Honorary Fellow/Visiting Scholar with the Havens Center at UW‐Madison, as an “activist in resident” funded by the Link Foundation.

Yochai Benkler is the Berkman Professor of Entrepreneurial Legal Studies at Harvard Law School and the Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society at Harvard University, USA. Since the 1990s he has played a role in characterizing the role of information commons and decentralized collaboration to innovation, information production, and freedom in the networked economy and society. His books include Network Propaganda: Manipulation, Disinformation, and Radicalization in American Politics (Oxford University Press, 2018) and The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom (Yale University Press, 2006), which won academic awards from the American Political Science Association, the American Sociological Association, and the McGannon award for social and ethical relevance in communications. His work is socially engaged, winning him the Ford Foundation Visionaries Award in 2011, the Electronic Frontier Foundation’s Pioneer Award for 2007, and the Public Knowledge IP3 Award in 2006. Benkler has advised governments and international organizations on innovation policy and telecommunications, and serves on the boards or advisory boards of several nonprofits engaged in working towards an open society. His work can be freely accessed at benkler.org.

Benjamin J. Birkinbine is an Assistant Professor of Media Studies in the Reynolds School of Journalism and Center for Advanced Media Studies at the University of Nevada, Reno, USA. His research is grounded in the critical political economy of communication tradition with a specific focus on the digital commons and free and open source software. He is the author of Incorporating the Commons (University of Westminster Press, 2020) and the co‐editor (along with Rodrigo Gómez and Janet Wasko) of Global Media Giants (Routledge, 2017). He is currently a Vice Chair of the Political Economy section of the International Association for Media and Communication Research.

Peter Bloom holds a BA in Urban Studies from the University of Pennsylvania, USA, and a Master’s degree in Rural Development from the Autonomous Metropolitan University in Xochimilco, Mexico. He was the founder in 2002 and ex‐director of Juntos, the first organization in Philadelphia dedicated to organizing and defending the human rights of Latino immigrants. In 2009 Peter began working in Nigeria as a development consultant and media maker and lived in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria for two years, co‐founding the Media for Justice Project based outside of Port Harcourt. Since 2011 Peter has been coordinating Rhizomatica, an organization he started to promote new communication technologies that helps run the first community‐owned and managed cell phone network in the Americas.

Yana Boeva is a postdoctoral researcher at the Department of Sociology of Technology and Environment, Institute for Social Sciences, as well as at the Cluster of Excellence on Integrative Computational Design and Construction for Architecture based at the University of Stuttgart, Germany. She has studied makerspaces and fab labs in Western Europe and Canada focusing on the socio‐political and historical dimensions of digital fabrication in design towards de‐professionalization of design practice, concepts of expertise, and notions of re‐industrialization. Her current research explores the transformation of design, architectural practice, and different user perceptions with the inclusion of active matter and automation in contemporary fabrication models. She holds a PhD (2018) in Science and Technology Studies from York University, Toronto, and an MA (2011) in Media Studies from Humboldt University Berlin.

Margie Borschke is the author of This is Not a Remix: Piracy, Authenticity and Popular Music (Bloomsbury Academic, 2017). She is a Senior Lecturer in Journalism and Media in the Department of Media, Music, Communication and Cultural Studies at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia.

Kat Braybrooke is a designer and digital anthropologist whose work explores the critical implications of the spaces and practices of creative digital communities in places like Europe and China as sites of social and environmental transformation. She is Research Fellow in the School of Engineering and Informatics at the University of Sussex, UK, and Visiting Researcher in the Department of Digital Humanities at King’s College London. Web: http://codekat.net.

Sébastien Broca is a sociologist. He is currently Associate Professor in the Media and Communication Department at Université Paris 8 Vincennes Saint‐Denis, France. He works on digital capitalism and on the digital commons, at the crossroads of political economy and critical theory. He has published Utopie du logiciel libre (Le passager clandestin, 2013). He is currently involved in the research projects EnCommuns and TAPAS and is co‐editor of the scholarly journal Anthropology&Materialism. sebastien.broca@univ‐paris8.fr

Stéphane Couture is an assistant professor at University of Montreal, Canada. Trained in computer science, sociology, and communication studies, he has completed several research projects on the collaborative practices and cultures of free and open source software. He has also studied and been engaged in initiatives related to alternative media, digital activism, and the relationship between democracy and technology more broadly.

George Dafermos is a postdoctoral researcher at the Heteropolitics research project at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, where he explores the transformative potential of commons‐based peer production. He has been involved in several of the projects mentioned in the chapter “Prophets and Advocates of Peer Production”: he was a participant in the Oekonux Project (2002–2013) and a core member of the FLOK Society Project in Ecuador (2013–2014). He is also a founding member of the Journal of Peer Production and a research associate of the P2P Foundation.

Maitrayee Deka is a Lecturer in Media and Social Theory at the Department of Sociology, University of Essex, UK. Her research focuses on economic sociology, new media, consumption cultures, and social theory. She is currently working on her monograph, Traders and Tinkers: The Popular Economy of the Bazaar that is based on an ethnographic account of Delhi’s electronic marketplaces. Her most recent publication is “Embodied Commons: Knowledge and Sharing in Delhi’s Electronic Bazaars,” The Sociological Review, 66(2), 365–380, 2018.

Wolfgang Drechsler is Professor of Governance at the Ragnar Nurkse Department of Innovation and Governance, Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia, Honorary Professor at University College London in the Institute of Innovation and Public Purpose, UK, and Associate and member of the advisory board at Harvard University’s Davis Center, USA. In civil service, he has been Advisor to the President of Estonia, Executive Secretary with the German Wissenschaftsrat, and, as an APSA Congressional Fellow, Senior Legislative Analyst in the United States Congress. Wolfgang’s main interests are Public Management, Technology, and Innovation; Non‐Western Public Administration, Governance, and Economics (especially Buddhist, Confucian, and Islamic); and Public Management Reform generally.

Mélanie Dulong de Rosnay, PhD in law, has been an associate research professor at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) since 2010 and is the director of the Center for Internet and Society of CNRS (UPR 2000) which she co‐founded with Francesca Musiani in 2019. Her research focuses on digital commons, regulation by technology, information technology law and policy. She has co‐edited four open access collective books on the digital public domain and digital commons. She is a founding member and was the legal lead for Creative Commons France, a fellow at Science Commons, a staff member of Creative Commons Netherlands, a staff member of the Communia European Thematic Network, and a founding member of the Communia association for the digital public domain, which she represented at the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) as the first chair of its administrative council. She was also member of the board and vice‐president of the scientific board of OpenEdition scientific publishing platform (2010–2019). melanie.dulong@cnrs.fr; @melanieddr

Adam Fish is an associate professor and Scientia fellow in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, School of Arts and Media, at the University of New South Wales. He is a cultural anthropologist, documentary video producer, and interdisciplinary scholar who works across social science, computer engineering, environmental science, and the visual arts. Dr. Fish employs ethnographic, participatory, and creative methods to examine the social, political, and ecological influences of new technologies. He has authored three books including: Hacker States (2020 MIT Press with Luca Follis), about how state hacking impacts democracy; Technoliberalism (2017 Palgrave Macmillan), an ethnography of the politics of Internet and television convergence in Hollywood and Silicon Valley; and After the Internet (2017 Polity Press with Ramesh Srinivasan), which reimagines the Internet from the perspective of grassroots activists, citizens, and hackers on the margins of political and economic power. He is currently completing a book, Drone Justice, with MIT Press.

Jutta Haider is Professor of Information Studies at the Swedish School of Library and Information Science, University of Borås, and Reader in Information Studies at Lund University, both in Sweden. She holds a doctorate from City, University of London, UK (2008). Her research concerns information practices and infrastructures in relation to digital cultures’ conditions for production, use, and distribution of knowledge and information. This includes research on information inequalities and on knowledge institutions, such as encyclopedias, search engines, and the scholarly communication system. She is author of Invisible Search and Online Search Engines: The Ubiquity of Search in Everyday Life (Routledge, 2019).

Rebecca Karp is a PhD candidate at Boston University Questrom School of Business, Boston, USA. She is a field researcher who studies how firms and collectives learn, adapt, and upend their strategies for growth and sustained competitive advantage when confronted with how different market actors interact with their innovations. Her research specifically considers how innovators deploy resources to gain market acceptance, economic traction, and grow market relevancy for their innovations.

Vasilis Kostakis is the Professor of P2P Governance within the Ragnar Nurkse Department of Innovation and Governance at TalTech, Estonia. He is also a Faculty Associate within the Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society at Harvard University, and a Visiting Professor within the Institute of Environmental Science and Technology at Autonomous University of Barcelona. He is the founder of the P2P Lab. In 2018, Vasilis was awarded a four‐year grant from the European Research Council, to study the convergence of the digital commons with local manufacturing technologies. Along with an interdisciplinary team of scholars, activists, and social entrepreneurs, Vasilis focuses on how to create an economy based on locally sustainable communities that are digitally interconnected. His work has appeared in 15 languages.

Mariam Mecky is an Egyptian feminist researcher. She received an MA in Gender Studies and Law at SOAS, University of London in 2018 as a Chevening Scholar and a BA in Political Science from the British University in Egypt in 2013. Mecky has worked as a researcher, journalist, and NGO worker focusing broadly on gender issues and politics in Egypt and the MENA region at large. Alongside her current research work, she is the Communication Unit head at HarassMap, an anti‐sexual harassment NGO in Egypt. Her interests include but are not limited to: feminist mobilization and activism, gender‐based violence, body politics, resistance, and legal reform.

Morgan Meyer is a research director at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS). He holds a PhD in Sociology (University of Sheffield) and has been a visiting professor at the University of Vienna (Department of Science and Technology Studies) and a visiting researcher at the University of Edinburgh (Genomics Forum). His research concentrates on three main topics: (1) participation and co‐production of knowledge (natural history, do‐it‐yourself biology, open source agriculture), (2) new configurations and communities in biology (synthetic biology, gene editing), (3) intermediation, translation, and representation of knowledge.

Stefania Milan is a digital sociologist interested in new forms of political participation facilitated by technological innovation. Stefania is Associate Professor in New Media and Digital Culture at the University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands, where she leads a research project exploring the design and governance of technology standards from a human rights perspective, funded by the Dutch Research Council. Previously she worked at the European University Institute, Central European University, Tilburg University, the Citizen Lab at the University of Toronto, and the University of Oslo. In 2015–2021 she was the principal investigator of two projects financed by the European Research Council exploring data‐ and algorithmic‐mediated forms of civic engagement (data‐activism.net and algorithms.exposed). She is the author of, among others, Social Movements and their Technologies: Wiring Social Change (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013/2016), and co‐author of Media/Society (Sage, 2011). Stefania enjoys creating bridges between research, activism, and policymaking, and experimenting with methodological innovation. Website: stefaniamilan.net

Amisha Miller is a PhD candidate at Boston University Questrom School of Business, Boston, USA. She studies how entrepreneurs and their early‐stage firms interact with actors from outside the firm to create value. More specifically, her field research explores how diverse entrepreneurs and early‐stage firms can interact with institutions, collectives, and communities that support entrepreneurs, to create valuable firms and products, and more inclusive institutions.

Francesca Musiani (PhD, socio‐economics of innovation, MINES ParisTech, 2012), has been an associate research professor at the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) since 2014. She is Deputy Director of the Center for Internet and Society at CNRS, which she co‐founded with Mélanie Dulong de Rosnay in 2019. She is also an associate researcher at the Center for the sociology of innovation (i3/MINES ParisTech) and a Global Fellow at the Internet Governance Lab, American University in Washington, DC. She is the author and editor of several books including Nains sans géants. Architecture décentralisée et services Internet (Dwarfs Without Giants: Decentralized Architecture and Internet Services, Presses des Mines, 2013 [2nd ed. 2015], recipient of the French Privacy and Data Protection Commission’s Prix Informatique et Libertés 2013).

Sven Niederhöfer is a research assistant at the Chair of Management and Digital Markets at the University of Hamburg, Germany. He studied Information Systems at Technische Universität Darmstadt and Tampere University of Technology in Finland. His research interests cover innovation management, digital platforms, and business ecosystems. Specifically, he is researching aspects related to orchestrating digital platform ecosystems.

Helen Nissenbaum is a professor at Cornell Tech and in the Information Science Department at Cornell University, USA. Her research takes an ethical perspectives on policy, law, science, and engineering relating to information technology, computing, digital media, and data science. Topics have included privacy, trust, accountability, security, and values in technology design. Her books include Obfuscation: A User’s Guide for Privacy and Protest, with Finn Brunton (MIT Press, 2015) and Privacy in Context: Technology, Policy, and the Integrity of Social Life (Stanford, 2010).

Ory Okolloh currently serves as Managing Director, Luminate Group. Luminate is a global philanthropic organization that funds non‐profit and for‐profit organizations that help people participate in and shape the issues affecting their lives, and make those in power more transparent, responsive, and accountable. Based in Nairobi Ory is also tasked helping the drive the growth of Omidyar Network’s overall investment portfolio in Africa. Prior to this, Ory was Google’s policy manager for Africa. Previously, Ory was at the forefront of developing technology innovation as a founding member of Ushahidi. She served as the organization’s executive director from inception until December 2010. Ory is also the co‐founder of Mzalendo, a web site that tracks the performance of Kenyan MPs. In 2011 she was named a Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum, and one of Africa's most Powerful Women by Forbes Magazine. In 2014 she was named Time 100's most influential people in the world. She serves on the Board of Directors of the Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company, is an Aspen Global Leadership Network (AGLN) Fellow, and an advisory board member to Twiga Foods and Endeavor Kenya. Ory earned a JD from Harvard Law School and a BA in political science from the University of Pittsburgh.

Siobhán O’Mahony is the Feld Family Professor, Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Strategy and Innovation at the Boston University Questrom School of Business and the Academic Director of Innovate@BU, Boston, USA. She received her PhD in Management Science and Engineering from Stanford University. Professor O’Mahony’s research examines organizing processes in community and project forms and how creative and technical collectives organize for innovation, creativity, and growth. Her work has been published in Administrative Science Quarterly, Organization Science, Academy of Management Journal, Research Policy, Research in Organizational Behavior, Research in the Sociology of Organizations, Industry and Innovation, the Journal of Management and Governance among other edited volumes. somahony@bu.edu

Mathieu O’Neil is Associate Professor of Communication at the University of Canberra’s News & Media Research Centre, where he leads the Critical Conversations Lab, and Honorary Associate Professor of Sociology at the Australian National University, where he co‐founded the Virtual Observatory for the Study of Online Networks. Mathieu’s research examines the policy and organizational aspects of commons‐based peer production, as well as risk issue diffusion and the adoption of causes and innovations in the online environment. His book Cyberchiefs (2009) was the first systematic examination of governance in peer production projects. He is the founder and maintainer of the Journal of Peer Production. His work has been published in Social Networks, the Journal of Peer Production, Réseaux, Information, Communication & Society, Organization Studies, and New Media and Society, amongst others. mathieu.oneil@canberra.edu.au

Alekos (Alexandros) Pantazis is a core member of the P2P Lab, an interdisciplinary research collective focused on the commons, and a junior research fellow at the Ragnar Nurkse Department of Innovation and Governance, Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia. Moreover, Alekos has 20 years of involvement in international civil movements, focusing on agrarian indigenous populations and the commons. He is pursuing a PhD on the convergence of convivial technologies, commons, and non‐formal education.

Alex Pazaitis is a core member of the interdisciplinary research collective P2P Lab, a spin‐off of the Ragnar Nurkse Department of Innovation and Governance, Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia, and of the P2P Foundation, and Junior Research Fellow and PhD candidate at the Ragnar Nurkse Department. Alex is involved in numerous research activities and research and innovation projects. He has professional experience in project management and has worked as a consultant for private and public organizations. His research interests include technology governance; innovation policy; digital commons; open cooperativism and distributed ledger technologies.

Christian Pentzold is Professor of Media and Communication in the Department for Communication and Media Studies at Leipzig University. Before that, he worked in the Centre for Media, Communication and Information Research at the University of Bremen and at Chemnitz University of Technology. He is broadly interested in the construction and appropriation of digital media and the roles, information and communication technologies play in modern society. His work in communication research and media analysis links to insights coming from cultural sociology, linguistics, as well as science and technology studies. Currently he is looking at the public understanding of big data, the organization, and governance of peer production, as well as the interplay of time, data, and media. Beyond that, he is interested in applying theories of practice to the study of media and communication and in linking qualitative with quantitative methods.

Gwen Shaffer is an associate professor in the Department of Journalism and Public Relations at California State University, Long Beach, USA, where she teaches courses on Internet regulation and communication law. Her research on topics such as broadband connectivity and data privacy explore ways in which digital exclusion and algorithmic bias compound existing challenges. Her research has been published in the Journal of Information Policy, Media, Culture & Society, First Monday, and the Association for Computing Machinery’s Transactions on Internet Technology, among other journals and book chapters. She has also co‐authored policy papers on topics such as mobile phone privacy and digital inclusion. Gwen Shaffer chairs the City of Long Beach’s Technology and Innovation Commission, which advises the mayor and City Council on relevant policy issues.

Adrian Smith is Professor of Technology and Society at the Science Policy Research Unit at the University of Sussex, UK. He is involved in interdisciplinary research projects investigating the politics of technology and innovation for sustainable development. He has a particular interest in grassroots involvement in this politics, and questions of democracy. This has included studies of makerspaces in Europe, Latin America, and Asia.

Sebastian Spaeth holds the Chair of Management and Digital Markets at the University of Hamburg, Germany. He studied Business and Engineering at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and graduated at the Institute of Technology at Linköping University, Sweden. He received his doctorate in Business Administration from the University of St. Gallen, Switzerland where, cooperating with Georg von Krogh, he examined open source software development projects. He conducted research on collaborative open innovation and collaborative business models as a postdoctoral fellow at ETH Zurich, Switzerland. In 2013, he founded the Chair of Management and Digital Markets at the University of Hamburg to focus on the challenges and opportunities arising from the digitalization of society for citizens and organization. He has published in the Strategic Management Journal, Management Science, Research Policy, Information Systems Research, and MIS Quarterly.

Michael Stevenson is Associate Professor of New Media and Digital Culture at the Media Studies Department, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. His research interests include a range of topics in Internet history, software studies, and digital culture. He is working on a book called Making Media New, about the historical development of social media and the broader new media field in the 1990s and 2000s. In 2019 he made Geeks in Cyberspace, a web documentary about a group of open source software enthusiasts who created the influential websites Slashdot, Everything2, and PerlMonks.

Olof Sundin is Professor in Information Studies at Lund University, Sweden. He holds a doctorate from the University of Gothenburg, Sweden (2003). His work primarily concerns the configuration of information in contemporary society, the construction of public knowledge in relation to trust, and information searching and use. He has investigated Wikipedia, as well as commercial encyclopedias, from a perspective of use and findability as well as in terms of how encyclopedic information is constructed. In 2019, he published the book Invisible Search and Online Search Engines: The Ubiquity of Search in Everyday Life (Routledge).

Abraham Taherivand studied Business Informatics, Information Management and Engineering and Design Thinking. He is a multiple award‐winner at national and international business plan competitions, holds various patents, and has been a serial entrepreneur since 2008 in the tech, Internet, and consumer sector. He has worked as a strategy consultant in various projects for companies and organizations. Since 2012 he has worked for Wikimedia Deutschland. He is the co‐founder of the first worldwide free structured knowledge database Wikidata and was awarded the Open Data Award by Tim Berners‐Lee and his teams. Since December 2016, Abraham Taherivand has been the Managing Director of Wikimedia Deutschland e.V.

Nathaniel Tkacz is a reader in digital media and culture and Deputy Director of the Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies at the University of Warwick, UK. He has written widely and critically on the topics of peer production, currency, money, and software culture. In 2012, he co‐founded the MoneyLab network in Europe with Geert Lovink and is co‐editor of the first MoneyLab Reader (2015). He has edited and authored a number of other monographs, including Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness (2015).

Sophie Toupin is a Fonds de recherche du Québec ‐ Société et culture (FRQSC) postdoctoral fellow at the University of Amsterdam where she explores the linkages between feminism, data and infrastructure. She completed her PhD in the Department of Art History and Communication Studies at McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Her doctoral research examined the relationship between technology and anti‐colonialism during the South African anti‐apartheid struggle. Her work has been published in New Media and Society, Feminist Media Studies, Canadian Journal of Communication, Ada: A Journal of Gender, New Media, and Technology, and Journal of Peer Production, among others.

Peter Troxler is a research professor at Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, the Netherlands. He studies how emerging ways of designing and manufacturing by “fabbers” and “makers,” enabled by readily available direct digital manufacturing technologies, challenge and influence incumbent practices in the creative and manufacturing industries. His research interests are the intersections and interdependencies of people, technology, business, society, and the environment. He also investigates how new paradigms of cooperation and business models are developed based on network patterns, self‐organization, lateral governance, and open source principles. He holds a PhD (1999) in Technology, Management and Economics and an MSc (1993) in Industrial Engineering, both from ETH Zurich. He has worked internationally in the energy industry, as a consultant to private and public sector enterprises, as a researcher and research manager in organizational psychology and artificial intelligence, and as a director and producer in various artistic projects in music, theater, literature, and social arts.

Pablo Velasco González is an assistant professor in the Department of Digital Design and Information Studies at the University of Aarhus, Denmark, where he co‐directs the Center for the Study of Technological, Emerging, and Ethical Methods. His work has focused on digital culture and politics of technical devices, in particular blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies. He has collaborated on these and other topics in two Moneylab Readers (2015, 2018), the Metaphilosophy and APRA journals, and several book chapters. More information about his work can be found at pablov.me

Stefano Zacchiroli is Associate Professor of Computer Science at the University of Paris Diderot, France, and is currently on leave at Inria. His research interests span formal methods, software preservation, and free/open source software engineering. He is co‐founder and current CTO of the Software Heritage project. He has been an official member of the Debian Project since 2001, and was elected to serve as Debian Project Leader for three consecutive terms from 2010 to 2013. He is a former Board Director of the Open Source Initiative (OSI) and recipient of the 2015 O'Reilly Open Source Award.