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Chapter Summaries Part I Introduction 1 The Duality of Peer Production: Infrastructure for the Digital Commons, Free Labor for Free‐Riding Firms

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Mathieu O’Neil, Sophie Toupin, & Christian Pentzold

This introductory chapter examines a series of productive tensions located in and around peer production: we interrogate the meaning of peer‐to‐peer infrastructure models and find that some forms of peer infrastructure have thrived, whilst others were effectively banned. We review Yochai Benkler’s influential theorization of “commons‐based peer production,” and ask to what extent it embodies Western, first‐world assumptions. We evaluate the relationship of peer production to the dominant economy, considering the rich scholarship on peer production’s transformational potential, which was inspired by Benkler’s model and is often imbued with utopian overtones. At the same time peer infrastructure plays a central role in the digital economy, and we critically examine political economy understandings which hold that peer production has been recuperated by capitalism and enabled new forms of labor exploitation. We also analyze the organizational form which facilitated the emergence of hybridization between commercial firms and communal projects, outline the aims of this Handbook, and summarize its structure and content.

The Handbook of Peer Production

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