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It has been observed that oils from seeds of plants which are high in concentration of fatty acids (hydrocarbon) serve as excellent precursors for the synthesis of CNMs. Sharon’s group has worked with many plant metabolites such as oil, camphor, latex of Calotropis and cellulose [6]. There are several other studies about the plant-based oils used as precursors [26–29].

Figure 2.8 Characterization of CNF obtained by pyrolysis of plants seeds (Courtesy of Sunil Bhardwaj).

Figure 2.9 Characterization of CNF obtained by pyrolysis of plant oils (Courtesy of Suman Tripathu).

These hydrocarbon metabolites mostly yield CNTs (both SWCNT and MWCNT) and CNB. However, CNF has also been successfully synthesized from plant metabolites. Results of the pyrolysis of some of the oils are presented in Figure 2.9.