Читать книгу Engineering Solutions for CO2 Conversion - Группа авторов - Страница 11

GCCSI reported in 2018 23 large‐scale CCS facilities in operation or under construction globally, summing up 37 MtCO₂ per year. This wide range of facilities shows the versatility of CO₂ capture processes.³

In the power sector, the United States is leading the implementation deployment, although Europe has the highest CO₂ capture capacity. The Boundary Dam project (Canada) and Petra Nova (USA) are pioneers in reaching commercial scale. Moreover, based on the successful results of the Boundary Dam project, a CO₂ capture facility has been planned for the Shand power facility (Canada), incorporating not only learnings from the Boundary Dam but also enhanced thermal integration and tailored design. The results show a significant cost reduction [2]. Also in Canada, the Quest project completes the list of Canadian CCS projects in operation [3] and The National Energy Laboratory (NET) power project recently appeared in the United States as a potential significant reduction on CO₂ capture costs [4].

In the industrial sector, cement, steel, refining, chemicals, heavy oil, hydrogen, waste‐to‐energy, fertilizers, and natural gas have been identified by the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF; https://www.cslforum.org) as the main intensive emitter industries. As it is highlighted, the Norcem Brevik plant [5, 6], LEILAC [7] (cement production), and Al Redayah (steel production) are on the way to start running carbon capture systems in industrial facilities at pilot and large scales.