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Other CO₂ capture/separation technologies such as electrochemical, cryogenic separation, liquefaction, microbial/microalgae, or direct air separation are described in the literature.

Hybrid technologies have been studied in the past years, aiming to achieve higher capture rates and/or sum up the advantages of each CO₂ capture technology. The hybrid processes can be classified into absorption‐based, adsorption‐based, membrane‐based, and cryogen‐based hybrid processes. The integration of membranes into the absorption process (such as in the membrane contractor arrangement), catalysis process, and cryogenic process has progressed over the past years. However, the majority of the results are based on simulations or small‐scale testing campaigns, and the real value of using two technologies is not clear [38].

Within the range of emerging technologies, electrochemical separation has had a fast development over the past years and, potentially, will continue in this pathway. The following Section 1.2.5.1 will be focused on fuel cells because of the growing expectation on this electrochemical separation technology for its integration in power plants.