Читать книгу Encyclopedia of Glass Science, Technology, History, and Culture - Группа авторов - Страница 131

Reinforcement glass fibers can be broadly divided into two categories – general‐purpose and premium special‐purpose fibers. The former are known as E‐glass and subject to specific compositional ranges as defined by recognized standards such as ASTM D578 [2]. Historically, E‐glass fibers have been predominant in the commercial production of fiberglass products for use as reinforcements in various industrial polymer–matrix composites applications. Other types of fibers that have been used in special purpose and low‐volume applications include S‐glass, R‐glass, D‐glass, ultrapure silica fibers, and hollow fibers [3].

Continuous glass fibers for composite reinforcement have been categorized by the specific properties required for end‐use applications (Figure 1). An overview of the historical timeline of the development and commercial use of these major glass types is represented on the horizontal axis. Further detail on the typical oxides and oxide ranges, physical and mechanical properties, and processing‐related properties that are characteristic of the major glass types used in glass fibers are listed in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. More specific examples of recent developments in the areas of D‐, S‐, and R‐glasses are also included.