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Diagnosis

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Signs of ataxia related to the administration of excessive volume/speed of epidural solution appear very quickly during or immediately after the injection. Usually signs of discomfort/pain will appear first, with the horse turning its head toward the injection site or moving forward in the stocks [78]. These signs should alert the clinician that the injection is too fast or the volume to large. However, signs of discomfort could be absent in horses previously sedated with an alpha‐2 adrenergic agonist. Ataxia related to the spinal effects of alpha‐2 adrenergic agonists and local anesthetic drugs appears within 10–25 minutes after the injection.

Complications in Equine Surgery

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