Читать книгу Complications in Equine Surgery - Группа авторов - Страница 37

Intravascular injection is commonly used to intermittently administer small volumes of medication to horses. Intravascular catheterization is employed to administer large volumes or frequent administrations of medications, provide continuous administration of intravenous fluids, or secure vascular access during situations when immediate access is needed (i.e. anesthesia) or maintaining access is problematic [1, 2]. Types of catheters most commonly used in equine practice are over‐the‐needle stylet catheters and over‐the‐wire catheters. With the exception of intra‐arterial stem cell injections [3] or direct blood pressure monitoring, intravascular catheterization and injection nearly always involves the venous circulation. Complications may occur during catheter placement and venipuncture or while the catheter is indwelling within the vessel.