Читать книгу Biological Mechanisms of Tooth Movement - Группа авторов - Страница 68

CGRP is widely distributed throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and is found at particularly high levels in sensory nerves. CGRP has potent vasodilator activity and is frequently co‐localized with SP. Bone tissue contains CGRP‐immunoreactive nerve fibers, whose increased concentrations during bone development and regeneration suggest that they are directly involved in the local regulation of bone remodeling. Further evidence shows that CGRP, which is derived from alternative splicing of calcitonin gene mRNA, plays a role in bone metabolism. It inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption by directly blocking osteoclast activation, or by indirectly regulating the osteoblast release of cytokines such as interleukin‐1 and TNF‐α, which can affect osteoclast function.

Villa et al. (2006) reported that CGRP influences the process of mechanically induced bone remodeling through its pro‐osteoclastogenic effect on the OPG/RANK/RANKL triad. Through this mechanism, it reduces OPG release and expression by hOB (human osteoblast‐like cells). Their results also demonstrated that the cAMP/PKA pathway is involved in the CGRP inhibition of OPG mRNA and protein secretion by hOB, and that this effect favors osteoclastogenesis. CGRP could thus modulate the balance between osteoblast and osteoclast activity, participating in the fine‐tuning of all of the bone remodeling phases necessary for the subsequent anabolic effect.