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GRAPHITE is an allotropic form of the element carbon consisting of layers of hexagonally arranged carbon atoms in a planar condensed ring system (GRAPHENE LAYERS). The layers are stacked parallel to each other in a three‐dimensional crystalline long‐range order. There are two allotropic forms with different stacking arrangements, hexagonal and rhombohedral. The chemical bonds within the layers are covalent with sp² hybridization and with a C–C distance of 141.7 pm. The weak bonds between the layers are metallic with a strength comparable to VAN DER WAALS bonding only.

See: CARBON, HEXAGONAL GRAPHITE, RHOMBOHEDRAL GRAPHITE.