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Petroleum coke is a grayish‐black solid residue with high carbon content. It is obtained during the thermal conversion process in crude oil processing. Although petroleum coke has been known for more than 110 years, both production and its specific application and improvement have seen an increasing boom only during the last 50 years. Petroleum coke production rate has grown from 60 × 10⁶ t/a in 2006 to 110 × 10⁶ t/a in 2013. It is anticipated that by the year 2017, about 150 × 10⁶ t/a petroleum coke will be produced in oil refineries. The majority of this quantity (92%) is obtained from delayed coking units. In other refineries processing heavy oil, some investments have been made in flexicoking units, whereas no new fluid coking units have been installed recently.