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The term AMORPHOUS CARBON is restricted to the description of CARBON MATERIALS with localized π electrons as described by Anderson [4]. Deviations in the C–C distances greater than 5% (i.e. ±Δx/x_o > 0.05, where x_o is the interatomic distance in the crystalline lattice for the sp² as well as for the sp³ configuration) occur in such materials, as well as deviations in the bond angles because of the presence of “dangling bonds.”

The above description of AMORPHOUS CARBON is not applicable to CARBON MATERIALS with two‐dimensional structural elements present in all pyrolysis residues of carbon compounds as polyaromatic layers with a nearly ideal interatomic distance of a = 142 pm and an extension greater than 1000 pm.

See: CARBON MATERIAL.