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SYNOPSIS OF ENTRIES

This overview is arranged along thematic and conceptual lines, divided into three sections: 1) Text (the physical work and its reception); 2) Context (historical, intellectual, social, and cultural background); 3) Histories (its internal features as a literary work). The synopsis is necessarily schematic; the treatment offered in many entries will range well beyond the label they receive here.

The Synopsis does not contain the vast majority of the proper names found in the Histories (individuals, places, topographical features, tribes), all of which receive their own headword.

Major Categories (in bold and ALL CAPS) and Subcategories (ALL CAPS) receive their own entry unless they are bracketed.

I. Text

1.1 [TEXT AND TRANSMISSION]

 book divisions

 editions

 manuscripts

 papyri

 scholia

 translations

1.2 [SCHOLARSHIP]

 archaeology

 epigraphy1.2.1 SCHOLARSHIP ON HERODOTUS, ANCIENT GREECE AND ROMEAristarchus of Samothrace1.2.2 SCHOLARSHIP ON HERODOTUS, RENAISSANCE AND EARLY MODERN1.2.3 SCHOLARSHIP ON HERODOTUS, 1750–1945Jacoby, FelixMacan, Reginald WalterPowell, John EnochStein, Heinrich1.2.4 SCHOLARSHIP ON HERODOTUS, 1945–2018anthropologyAsheri, DavidBlack Athenacounterfactual historyImmerwahr, Henry“Liar School”Momigliano, ArnaldonarratologyOrientalismThemistocles Decree

1.3 [RECEPTION]

 “Father of History”

 reliability1.3.1 RECEPTION OF HERODOTUS, ANCIENT GREECE AND ROMEAristophanesAristotleCtesiasDionysius of HalicarnassusEphorusHellenistic historiansJosephusLucianPlutarchStraboTheopompus of ChiosThucydidesXenophon1.3.2 RECEPTION OF HERODOTUS, CHRISTIAN1.3.3 RECEPTION OF HERODOTUS, 1300–1750Valla, Lorenzo1.3.4 RECEPTION OF HERODOTUS, 1750–1900Rawlinson, Henry and George1.3.5 RECEPTION OF HERODOTUS, 1900 TO PRESENTcinematravel literature

II. Context

2.1 [HISTORICAL BACKGROUND]

 2.1.1 GREECE (see HELLAS)Archaic AgeAthenian EmpirecleruchycolonizationDelian Leaguedialects, GreekemporionethnicityHellenic LeaguehelotsHeroic AgeIonian RevoltmedizeOath of PlataeaPanhellenismPeloponnesian LeaguePeloponnesian WarPersian Warsships and sailing

 2.1.2 PERSIABardiya (see Smerdis)Bisitunconcubinesearth and watereunuchsNear Eastern historyPersepolisproskynesisreligion, PersianRoyal Roadsatrapiestiara

2.2 [INTELLECTUAL AND LITERARY BACKGROUND]

 display (epideixis)

 etymology

 fable

 genealogies

 logos

 orality and literacy

 periplus

 Persica

 rhetoric

 Seven Sages

 sophists

 2.2.1 POETRYAeschylusepic poetryHesiodHomerPindarSimonides of CeosSophoclestragedy

 2.2.2 PROSEHecataeusIonic dialectmedical writers

 2.2.3 SCIENCEclimategeologymedicinephilosophy

2.3 [SOCIETY]

 athletes and athletic games

 bribery

 bronze

 death

 disease

 dress

 education, ancient

 games

 gender

 hunting

 iron

 monuments

 music

 pederasty

 prostitution

 slavery

 textiles

 travel

 writing

 2.3.1 FAMILYchildrendomestic economymarriagewomen in ancient Greece

 2.3.2 POLISacropolisagoraassemblydemeperioeciproxenosprytaneionwalls

 2.3.3 [GOVERNMENT]aristocracydecision‐makingdemocracyephorsisonomialotmonarchyoligarchystasistyrants

 2.3.4 LAWjudgesmurderpunishment

 2.3.5 [ECONOMY]goldhandicraftsminingmoneysilvertalenttradetribute

 2.3.6 FOODagriculturefeastingmeatwine

 2.3.7 ENGINEERINGbridgescanalsharbors

 2.3.8 ARTarchitecture (temples)monumentalitysculpturevessels (drinking)

2.4 GODS AND THE DIVINE

 altars

 apparitions

 curses

 festivals

 first fruits

 heroes and hero cult

 mysteries

 myth

 pollution

 priests and priestesses

 religion, Greek

 religion, Herodotus’ views on

 sacrilege

 suppliants

 temples and sanctuaries

 treasuries

 tripod

 2.4.1 RITUALdedicationshuman sacrificelibationsoathsprayersacrifice

 2.4.2 PROPHECYdivinationdreamsoracles

2.5 WARFARE

 allies

 espionage

 fortifications

 hostages

 plunder

 prisoners of war

 treachery

 2.5.1 ARMIESarcherycavalrychariotsgenerals and generalshiphoplitesImmortalsmercenariessiege warfare

 2.5.2 WEAPONS AND ARMOR

 2.5.3 NAVAL WARFAREtrireme

2.6 [VALUES]

 aretē

 competition

 courage

 freedom

 friendship

 guest‐friendship

 honor

 piety

 shame

 wealth and poverty

III. Histories

3.1 HERODOTUS OF HALICARNASSUS

 Athens and Herodotus

 date of composition

 Lygdamis son/grandson of Artemisia

 Panyassis

 Thurii

 Vita Homeri

3.2 HISTORICAL METHOD

 analogy

 autopsy

 causation

 change

 erga

 evidence

 historiē

 inscriptions

 knowledge

 proof

 source citations

 sources for Herodotus

 thōmata

 truth

 tychē

3.3 [NARRATIVE ART]

 audience

 authority, narrative

 catalogues

 characterization

 cross‐references

 digressions

 end of the Histories

 metanarrative

 metaphor

 motivation

 numbers

 prologue

 proverbs

 ring composition

 short stories

 symbols and signs

3.4 SPEECHES

 “Constitutional Debate”

3.5 [THEMES]

 advisers

 archē

 blame

 cities

 conquest

 deception

 desire

 despotism

 disabilities

 disaster

 drinking and drunkenness

 exile

 extremes

 fame

 fate

 fetters

 fire

 hair

 happiness

 hubris

 humor

 insults

 inventions

 islands

 madness

 memory

 mutilation

 nakedness

 necessity

 praise

 rape

 rebellion

 reciprocity

 sex

 softness

 suicide

 theft

 vengeance

 viewing

 violence

 whipping

 women in the Histories

3.6 ETHNOGRAPHY

 anthropophagy

 autochthony

 barbarians

 bodily adornment

 burial customs

 circumcision

 migration

 mummification

 nomads

 nomos

 pyramids

3.7 GEOGRAPHY

 boundaries

 maps

 measures

3.8 [NATURAL WORLD]

 bitumen

 earthquakes

 eclipses

 weather

 winds

 3.8.1 [ANIMALS]ants, giantbirdscamelscattlecrocodilesdogsfishgriffinshorseslionsmulespigssnakes

 3.8.2 LANDSCAPEdesertsriversseatrees

3.9 LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION

 gestures

 heralds

 interpreters

 laughter

 messengers

3.10 EMOTIONS

 anger

 grief

 jealousy

 weeping

3.11 TIME

 calendars

 chronology