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CHRISTOPHER BARON

University of Notre Dame

Persian general who led the attack on CYPRUS during the IONIAN REVOLT c. 497–496 BCE (5.108–13). Despite riding a HORSE trained to rear up on its hind legs and attack infantrymen, Artybius was struck down in battle by ONESILUS, leader of the Greek forces, outside Cypriot SALAMIS (the Persians won the battle nonetheless). Herodotus’ narrative focuses on their duel, in which Onesilus is assisted by a clever squire (Hornblower 2013, 295–96; Serghidou 2007, 279–82). Artybius is not otherwise attested; it is possible that the name is equivalent to ARTYPHIUS, from the Old Persian word meaning “eagle” (Schmitt, IPGL 127–28 (no. 88)).

SEE ALSO: Generals and Generalship; Hoplite; Oebares groom of Darius