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ERAN ALMAGOR

Jerusalem

An important maritime port city north of GAZA (modern Askelon/Askalan), connecting EGYPT and SYRIA (BA 70 F2). Ascalon was a member of the Philistine Pentapolis (1 Samuel 6:17, Amos 1:7–8, Jeremiah 25:20, 47:5, cf. 2 Samuel 1:20) and was said (unhistorically) to be temporarily conquered by the Israelite tribe of Judah (Judges 1:18; cf. Joseph. AJ 5.2.4.128). It paid TRIBUTE to the ASSYRIANS, but was destroyed in 604/3 BCE by the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II (cf. the Prophecies of destruction: Zephaniah 2:4, 7, Zechariah 9:5). After being rebuilt, in the Persian era, it belonged to TYRE (Ps.‐Scylax 104.3). Ascalon is mentioned by the Greek poet ALCAEUS (F48 Campbell) and the fifth‐century BCE historian Xanthus of LYDIA (BNJ 765 F8: established by the Lydians). Herodotus (1.105) relates that SCYTHIANS plundered the temple of APHRODITE Urania (= Atargatis/Derketo/Ashtart, see 1.131.3) and were punished by the goddess with a DISEASE “which made them women instead of men.”

SEE ALSO: Enarees; Near Eastern History; Punishment