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 Genes don't cause diseases, but they may code for defective proteins that are associated with disease states.

 For any particular genotype, each parent contributes one allelic variant for that trait.

 Mutations can be responsible for changes along the length of a gene sequence that can have major or minor impact on the expression of that gene, depending on the mutation.

 Diseases with the same name are not necessarily caused by the same genetic mutation in all breeds.

 Genetic markers can prove useful in helping to identify disease risk, even when the specific disease gene has not yet been identified.