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 Genes don't cause diseases, but they may code for defective proteins that are associated with disease states.

 Most traits are considered dominant or recessive, but that classification is not absolute in most cases.

 DNA testing can be used to identify risk, but may not be absolute in predictions of clinical disease due to the properties of penetrance and expressivity.

 While some diseases may be caused by a defect attributed to variants in a single gene pair, the majority of diseases are caused by an interaction of multiple genes together with environmental factors.

 Genetic diseases can be attributable to more than just variants in nuclear or mitochondrial DNA; the epigenome appears to also play a significant role in disease manifestations.