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Subsequent visits are opportunities to reinforce the healthcare plan and make any alterations needed on the basis of those visits, diagnostic testing, or treatments. Healthcare plans are dynamic and flexible and may be changed to reflect the realities of the situation. For example, if a Doberman pinscher is screened for von Willebrand disease and found to be at significant risk, this will likely change the process at the time of surgery, as well as the charges associated with such surgery. The identification of cardiomyopathy will change the previous plan regarding the interval between scheduled clinical examinations, and recommendations for ongoing monitoring.

Throughout the process, it is important to have ongoing conversations with pet owners about the important concepts of compliance and adherence. It is not enough that clients be prepared to purchase products from us for use in their pets. They need to understand the critical importance of following directions at home. There is often a lot to discuss with pet owners, and typically limited time during office visits, so successful veterinary teams often rely on convergence schedules to ensure effective communication and owner engagement (see 9.7 Continuum of Care and Convergence Schedules).

Care is often delivered on the basis of life stages, and while this varies considerably between individuals, it can be helpful to use approximations based on age and weight (Tables 1.2.1 and 1.2.2); in the future there will likely also be ways to assess genetic aspects of aging (e.g., telomeres, DNA methylation, etc.).

Table 1.2.1 Approximation for converting “dog” years to relative human years, as well as matching life stages based on adult weights

	<10 kg	10–20 kg	20–30 kg	30–40 kg	40–50 kg	>50 kg
Age	Life Stage	Relative Human Age (Years)	Life Stage	Relative Human Age (Years)	Life Stage	Relative Human Age (Years)	Life Stage	Relative Human Age (Years)	Life Stage	Relative Human Age (Years)	Life Stage	Relative Human Age (Years)
3 months	Puppy	4	Puppy	4	Puppy	3	Puppy	3	Puppy	3	Puppy	3
6 months	Puppy	7	Puppy	7	Puppy	6	Puppy	6	Puppy	6	Puppy	6
9 months	Young	11	Young	11	Puppy	9	Puppy	9	Puppy	9	Puppy	9
12 months	Young	15	Young	15	Puppy	12	Puppy	12	Puppy	12	Puppy	12
18 months	Young	19	Young	19	Young	16	Young	16	Puppy	16	Puppy	16
2 years	Young	24	Young	24	Young	19	Young	19	Young	19	Young	19
3 years	Mature	28	Mature	28	Mature	25	Mature	26	Mature	26	Mature	27
4 years	Mature	32	Mature	32	Mature	30	Mature	32	Mature	33	Mature	35
5 years	Mature	36	Mature	36	Mature	36	Mature	38	Mature	40	Senior	42
6 years	Mature	40	Mature	40	Mature	42	Senior	46	Senior	47	Senior	50
7 years	Mature	44	Senior	45	Senior	48	Senior	53	Senior	54	Senior	56
8 years	Senior	48	Senior	49	Senior	53	Senior	57	Senior	58	Senior	61
9 years	Senior	52	Senior	53	Senior	58	Senior	62	Senior	64	Senior	68
10 years	Senior	56	Senior	57	Senior	63	Senior	67	Senior	69	Senior	75
11 years	Senior	61	Senior	62	Senior	68	Senior	72	Senior	74	Senior	82
12 years	Senior	66	Senior	67	Senior	73	Senior	77	Senior	79	Senior	89
13 years	Senior	71	Senior	73	Senior	78	Senior	82	Senior	83	Senior	91
14 years	Senior	76	Senior	78	Senior	83	Senior	87	Senior	88	Senior	96
15 years	Senior	81	Senior	83	Senior	89	Senior	92	Senior	94	Senior	101
16 years	Senior	86	Senior	88	Senior	95	Senior	98	Senior	100	Senior	106
17 years	Senior	92	Senior	94	Senior	100	Senior	103	Senior	105	Senior	111
18 years	Senior	98	Senior	100	Senior	104	Senior	107	Senior	111	Senior	116
19 years	Senior	104	Senior	105	Senior	108	Senior	111	Senior	113	Senior	121
20 years	Senior	108	Senior	109	Senior	112	Senior	116	Senior	118	Senior
21 years	Senior	112	Senior	114	Senior	116	Senior	120	Senior		Senior
22 years	Senior	116	Senior	120	Senior	122	Senior		Senior		Senior
23 years	Senior	120	Senior		Senior		Senior		Senior		Senior
24 years	Senior		Senior		Senior		Senior		Senior		Senior
25 years	Senior		Senior		Senior		Senior		Senior		Senior

Table 1.2.2 Approximation for converting “cat” years to relative human years and applicable life stages. Life stages are based on AAFP‐AAHA Feline Life Stage Guidelines

Age of Cat	Life Stage	Relative Human Age (Years)
3 months	Kitten	4
6 months	Kitten	10
9 months	Junior	12
12 months	Junior	15
18 months	Junior	21
2 years	Junior	24
3 years	Prime	28
4 years	Prime	32
5 years	Prime	36
6 years	Prime	40
7 years	Mature	44
8 years	Mature	48
9 years	Mature	52
10 years	Mature	56
11 years	Senior	60
12 years	Senior	64
13 years	Senior	68
14 years	Senior	72
15 years	Geriatric	76
16 years	Geriatric	80
17 years	Geriatric	84
18 years	Geriatric	88
19 years	Geriatric	92
20 years	Geriatric	96
21 years	Geriatric	100
22 years	Geriatric	104
23 years	Geriatric	108
24 years	Geriatric	112