Читать книгу Patty's Industrial Hygiene, Hazard Recognition - Группа авторов - Страница 91

SO₂ is used to protect wine from yeast and microbial growth, which can spoil or reduce its quality. The winery purchased the 100% liquified SO₂ concentration thinking that it was cheaper to purchase it in the pure form and would require less frequent purchasing. SO₂ at 100% concentration presents several significant concerns, including the safety and health of employees (risks include death and blindness) and environmental reporting requirements. The Cal‐OSHA PEL is 2 ppm, and the lethal dose is 100 ppm. Sulfur dioxide gas is heavier than air (density 2.83 kg m^–3) and can accumulate in closed areas. The configuration and limited ventilation of the bottling areas present a risk to employees, should a SO₂ release occur.

FIGURE 8 Simplified PHA.

In addition, the quantity of 45 gallons, which weighs 548 lbs., exceeds the threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 500 lbs. for US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) SARA Title III Sections 302 and 304, Extremely Hazardous Substances. Potential FSI scenario from a release of SO₂ in a 100% liquid concentration used to dose large tanks outside and inside buildings during the winemaking process. The dosing process required employee to dispense a small amount into a dosing instrument that attaches to the bulk tank inside the building. Figure 9 shows the filling and dispensing process equipment and tanks.