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The work of the IHI began as part of a demonstration project to redesign health care into a system without errors, waste, delay, and unsustainable costs. IHI works with health systems, countries, and other organizations on improving quality, safety, and value in health care. They use a science of improvement approach, characterized by combining expert subject knowledge with improvement methods and tools. This interprofessional approach draws on clinical science, systems theory, psychology, statistics, and other fields. IHI's methodology is based on the work of W. Edwards Deming, who taught that organizations can increase quality and simultaneously reduce costs (Institute for Healthcare Improvement, 2018). The IHI Model for Improvement asks three questions: 1) What are we trying to accomplish; 2) How will we know that a change is an improvement; and 3) What changes can we make that will result in improvement? As seen in Figure 4.8, the model then employs Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act (PDSA) cycles for small, rapid‐cycle tests of change (Institute for Healthcare Improvement, 2018).

FIGURE 4.8 PDSA Quality Improvement Model.

Source: Institute for Healthcare Improvement, 2018.