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2.2 Sources of Heavy Metals

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HMs are the natural elements that have higher atomic weights and density above 5 g/cm3. These are inevitable and cannot be avoided as they are found naturally, through weathering [10], volcanic eruptions [11], and fossil fuels [12]. Then they were used raw and as processing materials such as, Pt in hydrogenation [13], As in pesticides [14] Cd in fertilizers [15], and in a range of other industrial, domestic, agricultural, and medical applications [16]. It is assumed that almost all the heavy metal concentrations are higher and widespread in the environment due to road dusts [17–19].

Soil Bioremediation

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