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Sexual dysfunction [7] and depression [78] can occur with PCOS in women. In this regard, and in addition to reproductive and metabolic dysfunction, early-to-mid gestation T-exposure reprograms (“organizes”) prepubertal and adult female behavior. T-exposed female monkeys exhibit increased male-typical infant vocalizations, diminished intimate social grooming of mothers and interest in infants, increased mounting of peers, and diminished, but not absent, engagement in female-typical sexual interactions with males [79], all independent of circulating sex hormone levels. Such behavioral reprogramming is difficult to reconcile with traditional female gender roles in human societies, potentially leading to sexual dysfunction and depression. Recent reports from in utero androgen excess rodent models clearly demonstrate anxiety-like behavior in female offspring accompanied by the upregulation of amygdala gene expression, including corticotropin-releasing hormone [80], an identical neural site and neuropeptide system implicated in the pathogenesis of anxious phenotype in monkeys and humans [81], leading to depression.