Читать книгу Nutrition and Growth - Группа авторов - Страница 40

Stea TH¹, Tveter ET¹, Te Velde SJ¹, Vik FN¹, Klepp KI², Bere E¹

¹University of Agder, Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, Kristiansand, Norway; ²University of Oslo, Department of Nutrition, Oslo, Norway

PLoS One 2018;13:e0205498

Background: The obesity epidemic presents a major public health challenge, and a poor diet quality has been identified as one of the most important contributing factors. Whereas a sufficient fruit and vegetable consumption has been associated with several positive health outcomes, the long-term effect on overweight and obesity is unclear. Thus, the aims of this study were to investigate if one year with free school fruit had any effect on weight status 14 years later, and if it affected the birth weight of the participants’ children.

Methods: In 2001, 10–12-year old Norwegian children, received one year of free school fruit in the intervention study “Fruits and Vegetables Make the Marks” (FVMM) and in 2016, a total of 1,081 participants of 2,049 eligible responded to a follow-up survey. Multilevel logistic regression was used to investigate if one year of free school fruit was associated with weight status and with birthweight status of the offspring. The analyses were adjusted for gender, educational level, and the offspring analysis also for parents’ weight status, and the nested design (child/parent).

Results: The odds ratios of being overweight (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.70–1.24) or having a child with high or low birth weight (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.21–1.30) in the intervention group compared to the control group were not statistically significant, 14 years after the intervention period.

Conclusions: One year of free school fruit did not have an effect on weight status on the participants or birth weight of their offspring, 14 years after the intervention period. Although, results from the present study contribute to fill the knowledge gaps concerning long-term effects of public health efforts on weight status, more follow-up studies with larger samples are warranted.

Unmodified reproduction. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en)

Comments

Fruits and vegetables have low energy and high water and fiber composition and its consumption has been associated with a reduced risk of excess adiposity. A systematic review and meta-analysis have reported that intervention programs are able to increase fruits consumption by 0.24 portions per day [16].In general, only a limited proportion of intervention studies trying to increase fruits and vegetables consumption report follow-up effects for more than a year after the intervention period. This study considers a follow-up of 14 years after the intervention period and weight status of the participants as the main outcome. The study does not observe a significant association with weight status of the participants or the birth weight of their offspring.The main limitation of this study is that baseline measures of weight and height and the subsequent measures of participants’ weight and height and birth weight of their children were self-reported. To explain the lack of a significant association, it should be considered the intervention lasted for 1 year, but 14 years before the outcomes were measured.Future studies should assess whether interventions for more than 1 year may have a positive effect on weight status later in life. In any case, it should be considered that promoting healthy lifestyle habits, including increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, from early ages is important for effective prevention and treatment programs.

______________________