Читать книгу Nutrition and Growth - Группа авторов - Страница 41

Dello Russo M¹, Ahrens W^2,3, De Henauw S⁴, Eiben G⁵, Hebestreit A², Kourides Y⁶, Lissner L⁷, Molnar D⁸, Moreno LA⁹, Pala V¹⁰, Veidebaum T¹¹, Siani A¹, Russo P¹ and on behalf of the IDEFICS Consortium

¹Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, Avellino, Italy; ²Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany; ³Institute of Statistics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; ⁴Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; ⁵Department of Biomedicine and Public Health, School of Health and Education, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden; ⁶Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Strovolos, Cyprus; ⁷Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; ⁸Department of Paediatrics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; ⁹GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; ¹⁰Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; ¹¹National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia

Nutrients 2018;10:1350

Abstract: Sugar, particularly as free sugars or sugar-sweetened beverages, significantly contributes to total energy intake, and, possibly, to increased body weight. Excessive consumption may be considered as a proxy of poor diet quality. However, no previous studies evaluated the association between the habit of adding sugars to “healthy” foods, such as plain milk and fresh fruit, and indicators of adiposity and/or dietary quality in children. To answer to these research questions, we Panalysed the European cohort of children participating in the IDEFICS study. Anthropometric variables, frequency of consumption of sugars added to milk and fruit (SAMF), and scores of adherence to healthy dietary pattern (HDAS) were assessed at baseline in 9,829 children stratified according to age and sex. From this cohort, 6,929 children were investigated again after 2 years follow-up. At baseline, a direct association between SAMF categories and adiposity indexes was observed only in children aged 6–<10 years, while the lower frequency of SAMF consumption was significantly associated with a higher HDAS. At the 2-year follow-up, children with higher baseline SAMF consumption showed significantly higher increases in all the anthropometric variables measured, with the exception of girls 6–<10 years old. The inverse association between SAMF categories and HDAS was still present at the 2 years follow-up in all age and sex groups. Our results suggest that the habit to adding sugars to foods that are commonly perceived as healthy may impact the adherence to healthy dietary guidelines and increase in adiposity risk as well.

Unmodified reproduction. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en)

Comments

Given the potential negative impact of a high added sugar intake, the WHO recently recommended that, for avoiding obesity development, the consumption of free or added sugars should not exceed 10% of total daily energy intake. Despite this recommendation, added sugars are still widely present in the diet of infants, children, and adolescents. In order to reduce added sugars consumption, it is important to know the main sources of their intake in children.In most studies, soft drinks and fruit-based drinks accounted for the greatest proportion of the added sugars intake, followed by milk products and sweet bakery products [17]. In European children, <20% of children were within the recommended intake of 10% of energy from free sugars. The habit of adding sugars to foods that are commonly perceived as healthy, such as yoghurt, milk, or fruits, may impact negatively the adherence to a healthy dietary pattern.High added sugar intake has been associated with increased obesity risk and fat deposition in the liver, contributing to dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, insulin resistance, and cardiometabolic risk.Several studies investigated the association of the consumption of ready-to-drink flavored milk beverages with energy intake and obesity. This is the first study evaluating the association between the habit of adding sugars to “healthy” foods, such as plain milk and fresh fruits, and indicators of adiposity and dietary quality. In the 2-year follow-up, children with higher baseline intake of sugars added to milk and fruits showed significantly higher increases in all the anthropometric variables measured, with the exception of girls 6–<10 years old. Therefore, it seems especially important to reduce children’s intake of free sugars, focusing in certain foods and food groups and also on the sugar added to foods that are considered healthy, like fruits, milk, and milk products, such as yogurt.

______________________