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The reported diagnostic yield of EUS-FNA for pancreatic tumorous lesions is good, with a diagnostic accuracy of 78–95%, sensitivity of 78–95%, and specificity of 75–100% [17–19]. EUS-FNA has a high specificity but a low sensitivity for diagnosing malignancy in pancreatic cystic tumors.

False positive and false negative rates of cytological diagnosis of pancreatic masses on EUS-FNA are low. The false positive rate is about 2% and results from technical difficulties and sampling or interpretation errors. False positive results due to interpretation errors can occur from contamination of the specimen by an intervening mucosal malignancy, or misinterpretation of reactive changes in chronic pancreatitis as adenocarcinoma [20]. Chronic pancreatitis is the most common benign pathology causing false positive interpretation of a pancreatic cancer.