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In the twentieth century, approximately 108 million people were killed due to warfare, and it is estimated that approximately 150 million to 1 billion people have been killed in wars throughout all of human history [28]. Humanoid robot soldiers will help to reduce these kinds of deaths in the future. Humanoid robots are modeled like humans. Since they are designed for specific tasks, the functional abilities of these robots are different from each other. We all have seen humanoid robots in movies in which they are fighting to achieve some specific goal. Humanoid robot soldiers are a type of humanoid robot designed to model armed soldiers to participate in warfare.

The world is busy developing humanoid robot soldiers which can replace armed forces. Some countries have developed really good humanoid robots which they keep upgrading [27]. FEDOR, a humanoid robot developed by Russia, can shoot at targets using both hands. FEDOR, which is short for Final Experimental Demonstration Object Research, is also known as Skybot F-850 [16]. There are many humanoid robot soldiers in development. The United States is developing an advanced humanoid robot which can replace the soldiers in the armed forces.

Humanoid robots will be part of future wars, and a country having the latest technologies for armed robots will most probably defeat its opponent. China and the United States are busy competing with each other to become the leader in AI technology. China wants to become the leader of this emerging technology, with 2030 being the deadline to achieve this goal. It is investing billions of dollars to promote home invention and many startups in the Silicon Valley [18]. Currently, many humanoid robot soldiers are under development. Some of the military robots of the future are [31]:

 Atlas

 Avatar III

 Corrosion Resistant Aerial Covert Unmanned Nautical System (CRACUNS)

 TALON

 Black Knight

 Guardium

Currently some humanoid robot soldiers have been developed and many are in the testing phase of development. Russia has developed Fedor, the United States is developing Atlas, and so on. Figure 3.9 shows some humanoid armed soldiers who will replace human armed soldiers in the future.

Figure 3.9 Some examples of humanoid armed robots.