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Sensor Technology has merit in transforming a traditional unit into the latest one. An element is one that provides an output signal relating to an input physical quantity (Figure 3.2).

Figure 3.2 Implanted vehicle sensors in ITS [5].

 Sensor alarms the operators about the fault occurrence in manufacturing units.

 Sensor supports the operators to reduce interruption in production system.

 Necessity of skilled and experienced manpower is less.

 Better Product quality can be obtained.

Generally, the output is an electrical quantity and the input measure is a physical quantity and the sensors are used in traffic control and safety transportation, etc. To increase the drivers, passenger satisfaction, and safety, recently the manufacturing of vehicles implemented sensors [4]. Some sensors are installed to monitor and control the performance, vehicle position, efficiency and safety system. Normally, an average of 50–100 number of sensors are available in a vehicle. For a smarter vehicle, the number of sensors is more than 200 sensors per vehicle [5]. Based on the type of sensor application, vehicle sensors are categorized as safety, diagnostics, convenience, and environment monitoring [6, 34].

The following sensors are used in the Transportation Systems:

1 Safety Sensor: The purpose is to recognize accident hazard events almost in real-time and form the basis of safety systems.Example: Micro-Mechanical Oscillator, Speed Sensor, Camera Sensor, Inertial Sensor, Ultrasonic Sensor, and Proximity Sensors, etc.

2 Diagnostic Sensor: The purpose is to detect and support the real-time information vehicle performance and position.Example: Position and Temperature Sensor, Gas Sensor, Pressure Sensor, Airbag Sensor, etc.

3 Assistance Sensor: The purpose is to collect the data that helps for comfortable usage.Example: Gas Sensor, Humidity Sensor, Position Sensor, and Torque Sensor, etc.

4 Environment Sensor: The purpose is to offer drivers and passengers alert warning services and monitors the environmental conditions.Example: Pressure Sensor, Temperature Sensor, Distance Sensor, etc.

5 Traffic Sensor: The purpose is to monitor and improve the traffic conditions in specific zones.Example: Ultrasonic and Proximity Sensors etc.